杭州五大名泉的成因、水质及其利用和保护问题

对于杭州五大名泉虎跑泉、龙井泉、玉泉、郭婆井和吴山井，明、清两代地方志中曾相继记载，近期又有学者陆续对其进行研究.但始终未见有系统论述.今笔者根据多年积累的实地调查资料和实验室测试结果，对这五大名泉的缘起、成因、水化学特征进行全面认识，并对它们的水质作一综合评价.为适应当前杭州旅游事业的发展和城市环保工作的深入需要，笔者还对如何开采、利用和保护这些名泉提出了切实、可行的建议.

Formation and Quality of Five Famous Springs in Hangzhou and Their Problems of Utilization and Protection

Since Ming Dynasty,Tiger Running Spring,Dragon Well. Jade Spring,Cuopo Well and Wushan Well are regarded as five famous springs of Hangzhou. They belong to the structure-fissure water of quartz sandstone,the fissure-cavern water,the pore water and the mixed water of pore water and fissure-cavern water separately. Their pH value are 5. 6, 6. 5,7. 30,7.1,6. 70 respectively. Their Hardness are 0. 39,14.05,10.43,13. 32,15. 16 German Degrees respectively. And their mineralization are 26. 0, 273. 3,200. 5,292. 00,448. 5 mg/L respectively.The chemical types of water:the Tiger Running Spring is the type of HCO3- .Cl--Na+.Ca2+.Other springs are the type of HCO3- - Ca2+.The content of Pb of Jade Spring and the one of NO3--N of Wushan Well are all higher than other springs. They have been closed to the standard of the drinking water. According to the water quality, five famous springs are Tiger Running Spring.Dragon Well,Jade Spring,Cuopo Well and Wushan Well in proper order.In order to protect the five springs,the author advanced two suggestion about controling exploitation yield and avoiding pollution