4种重金属离子对海水青鳉胚胎发育及仔鱼的急性毒性研究

为研究重金属对海洋生物的毒性影响及敏感性, 本文以海水模式鱼—–海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)为对象, 分析4种代表性海水重金属污染物铜、镉、铅、汞对其胚胎发育和仔鱼生长期的24h急性毒性. 结果显示: 海水青鳉发育阶段对4种重金属离子都很敏感, 且都产生明显毒性影响. Hg²⁺、Cu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺对海水青鳉胚胎发育期24h LC50最低值分别为2.34μg?L^-1 (I期)、0.72mg?L^-1 (IV期)、22.65μg?L^-1 (I期)、27.32μg?L-1 (I期), 对青鳉胚胎发育毒性大小的排序为Hg2+>Pb2+>Cd2+>Cu2+. Hg2+、Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+对海水青鳉仔鱼期24h LC50最低值分别为0.018 mg?L^-1 (7日龄)、0.48mg?L^-1 (8日龄)、1.87mg?L^-1 (6日龄)、1.86mg?L^-1 (5日龄), 对青鳉仔鱼毒性大小的排序为Hg²⁺>Cu²⁺>Cd²⁺>Pb²⁺. 由此得出重金属对海水模式鱼的胚胎和仔鱼发育的敏感期, 并经实验得到其最低敏感浓度, 也为进一步开展海水重金属的生物监测提供了参考依据.

Effects of four heavy metal ions on embryonic development and larval growth of Oryzias melastigma

In order to study the toxicity and sensitivity of heavy metals to marine organisms, the model of marine fish (Oryzias melastigma) was used in this study. A total of 24 hour acute toxicity was assessed in four representative seawater heavy metal pollutants (Cu、Cd、Pb、Hg), including embryonic development and larval growth of Oryzias melastigma. The results showed that the embryonic development stage was very sensitive to the four heavy metal ions, and they all had obvious toxic effects. The lowest 24 hour LC50 values of Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺ , and Cd²⁺ at the 2 hour embryonic developmental stage of Oryzias melastigma were 2.34 μg?L^-1 (Phase I), 0.72 mg?L^-1 (Phase IV), 22.65 μg?L-1 (Phase I), 27.32 μg?L-1 (Phase I), respectively. The order of embryo development toxicity was Hg²⁺>Pb²⁺>Cd²⁺>Cu²⁺. The lowest 24 hour LC50 values of Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pb²⁺, and Cd²⁺ to larval stage of Oryzias melastigma were 0.018 mg?L-1 (7 days old), 0.48 mg?L-1 (8 days old), 1.87 mg?L-1 (6 days old), 1.86 mg?L-1 (5 days old) , respectively. The order of toxicity to Oryzias melastigma larvae was Hg²⁺ > Cu²⁺ >Cd²⁺ >Pb²⁺. In summary, the sensitive period of heavy metals to the embryonic and larval development of marine model fish was determined in this experiment. The lowest effective concentration was calculated to provide a reference for further biological monitoring of marine heavy metals.