质子交换膜燃料电池非贵金属型Fe-N-C催化剂的研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池具有绿色、可持续、效率高等优点,被认为是解决环境与能源问题最有前途的替代方案。燃料电池核心是催化剂,目前应用最成熟的是铂族贵金属,但其高昂的成本制约着燃料电池的快速推广,另外铂族金属对CO、NH₃等气体较为敏感,使得燃料纯度要求苛刻,因此开发高性能低成本的催化剂替代贵金属是推动燃料电池商业化的重要途径。本文总结了近年来燃料电池近年来Fe-N-C催化剂的研究成果,并对Cu、Co等金属掺杂影响进行了系统综述。文中从制备方法、载体、氮源、金属掺杂等对Fe-N-C催化剂氧还原活性及耐久性的影响进行了详细的对比分析,对催化剂的失活机理进行了一定的探讨。最后,本文展望了Fe-N-C催化剂未来的发展方向,提出催化剂活性、耐久性同步提升以及优化燃料电池催化剂层的方案。

Research progress of non-precious metal Fe-N-C catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are considered as the most promising alternative to solve environmental and energy problems due to their green, sustainable and high efficiency. The core of fuel cells is catalyst, and the most mature application at present is platinum group precious metals, but its high cost restricts the rapid promotion of fuel cells. In addition, platinum group metals are sensitive to CO, NH3 and other gases, making the fuel purity requirements harsh. Therefore, the development of high-performance low-cost catalyst to replace precious metals is an important way to promote the commercialization of fuel cells. In this paper, the research achievements of Fe-N-C catalysts for fuel cells in recent years are summarized, and the effects of Cu, Co and other metal doping are systematically reviewed. The effects of preparation method, support, nitrogen source and metal doping on oxygen reduction activity and durability of Fe-N-C catalyst were analyzed in detail, and the deactivation mechanism of the catalyst was discussed. Finally, the future development direction of Fe-N-C catalyst was prospected, and the plan of improving the activity and durability of catalyst and optimizing the catalyst layer of fuel cell was proposed.