海水淡化用空心锥喷嘴喷淋性能理论及实验研究

设计开发一种具有高通量、低流阻特征的空心锥喷嘴,并通过理论与实验方法研究空心锥喷嘴的喷淋性能,基于准自由涡理论建立空心锥喷嘴内部流体流动的数学模型,阐明流量系数、喷淋锥角、喷嘴流量与喷嘴结构参数之间的定量关系,并利用多效蒸馏海水淡化喷淋实验台对理论计算结果进行实验测试和验证。研究结果表明:正常工作状态下喷嘴流量系数、喷淋锥角、喷淋流量等参数理论值与测量值之间的误差小于5%,验证了设计模型的准确性。同时根据实验测试数据,拟合得到该类型空心锥喷嘴喷淋锥角与雷诺数之间的经验公式,可为蒸馏海水淡化用大流量空心锥喷嘴的结构设计、工艺选型提供理论指导和数据支持。

THEORY AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON SPRAY CHARACTERISTICS OF HOLLOW CONE NOZZLE FOR DESALINATION

With multi-effect thermal desalination developing towards large-scale and low-energy consumption,more and more attention is focused on the research of spraying device with the property of high flux and low flow resistance. Based on this,a hollow cone nozzle with high-flux characteristics was designed for thermal desalination. The effect of structure parameters of nozzle on the spray properties(spray flux,spray angle and discharge coefficient)is discussed through theory analysis and experimental test. The results show that the quantitative relationship between spray flow rate,spray angle and structure parameters of nozzle obtained by quasi-free vortex theory agrees well with the experimental data. At the same time,according to the experimental test data,the empirical formula between the spray angle and the Reynolds number of hollow cone nozzle during spraying is fitted. It will provide theoretical and laboratory data support for design of the largeflow hollow cone nozzle and the selection of operating parameters during thermal desalination.