甘薯起垄整形机犁铧式开沟起垄装置设计与试验

针对现有甘薯起垄整形机起垄效果较差、牵引阻力大等问题，设计了一种甘薯起垄整形机犁铧式开沟起垄装置，并阐述了其主要结构和工作原理。结合甘薯种植模式和垄型结构农艺要求，采用水平直元线法确定了开沟起垄装置犁体曲面的结构参数及其取值范围。运用EDEM离散元仿真软件，建立了犁铧式开沟起垄装置-土壤互作仿真模型。选取开沟犁体曲面安装角、推土角、元线角差值为试验因素，以犁体土壤抛送距离和牵引阻力为评价指标，进行了Box-Behnken中心组合设计试验。仿真试验结果表明，当作业速度为3.33 km/h时，安装角、推土角和元线角差值最优组合为27.19°、38.05°和10.69°。基于优化的最优组合参数进行了田间试验，田间试验结果表明，犁铧式开沟起垄装置垄高稳定性系数为98.53%，垄体土壤紧实度为236kPa，拖拉机作业油耗为11.94L/h，满足甘薯开沟起垄农艺要求，且均优于板式起垄装置作业效果。

Design and Experiment on Ploughshare Furrowing Ridging Device of Sweet Potato Ridging Shaping Machine

In order to solve problems of poor ridging effect and high traction resistance of existing sweet potato ridging shaping machine, a ploughshare furrowing ridging device of sweet potato ridging shaping machine was designed and its main structure and working principle were explained. According to the sweet potato planting pattern and ridging structure agronomic requirements, the structure parameters and value range of the plow body surface of the furrowing ridging device were determined by the horizontal straight element line method. The EDEM discrete element simulation software was used to establish interaction model of the ploughshare furrowing ridging device and soil. The installation angle, bulldozing angle and element line angle difference of the furrowing plow body surface were selected as the experiment factors, and the evaluation indexes were the soil throwing distance and traction resistance of the plow body, the Box-Behnken central composite design experiment was carried out. The simulation experiment results showed that the optimal combinations of the installation angle, bulldozing angle and element line angle difference were 27.19°, 38.05° and 10.69° when the operating speed of the sweet potato ridging shaping machine was 3.33km/h. Field experiment were carried out based on the optimal combination parameters. The ploughshare furrowing ridging device experiment results showed that the ridge height stability coefficient was 98.53%, the ridge soil firmness was 236 kPa, the fuel consumption of tractor operating was 11.94 L/h, which can meet the sweet potato furrowing ridging agronomic requirements. The operating effect of the ploughshare furrowing ridging device was better than that of the now existing plate type ridging device.