马铃薯收获环节损失率测算及比较分析

为研究我国马铃薯收获损失大小及其影响因素,在广东、内蒙古和甘肃3省共11个地块进行田间小区试验,测试不同收获方式、地块和品种下的马铃薯收获损失率的变化情况。研究发现:相较于传统的人工收获方式,机械化收获尽管效率高,但由于机械适用性方面的限制,收获损失率也高;地形尤其是土壤条件对马铃薯机械收获损失有很大影响,在其他收获条件相同的情况下,低洼地、土壤有板结地块中的机械收获损失率明显高于平地;品种主要对马铃薯机械收获的损失有直接影响,块茎体形大、生长深、结薯不集中的马铃薯品种,机械收获的损失率相对更高。

Calculation and comparative analysis of the loss during potato harvesting

In order to estimate the loss during potato harvesting and investigate its influential factors,11 field experiments are designed based on harvesting method,topography and potato variety and conducted in Guangdong,Inner Mongolia and Gansu.The results show that:Compared with manual harvesting,mechanical harvesting is efficient,but the loss rate is higher due to the limitation of mechanical applicability;Topography,especially the soil condition has a great influence on the loss of the potato mechanical harvest.In conclusion,under the same conditions,the loss rate of mechanical harvest in the lowland is obviously higher than that of the flat.The variety of potato is the main factor affecting the loss of potato mechanical harvest.The loss rate of mechanical harvest of potato varieties with large size,deep and scatter growth is relatively higher.