垂直深旋耕配施改土物料改良酸性土壤并提高烟草种植效益研究

为实现酸性土壤改良与土壤培肥同步、表层土与表下层土壤改良同步的目的，运用垂直深旋耕与无机、有机、生物等多物料综合协同改良酸性土壤，采用双因素裂区设计，试验设垂直深旋耕和传统耕作方式，以及石灰、石灰+绿肥、石灰+绿肥+酸性生物有机肥、石灰+绿肥+碱性生物有机肥等改土物料组合，研究了耕作方式和改土物料及其互作对植烟土壤理化特性及烤烟根系生长、农艺性状、经济性状、化学成分的影响。土壤理化特性受耕作方式和改土物料的影响，也受其互作的影响；垂直深旋耕可降低土壤容重，提高土壤孔隙度和土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量，提高改土物料调酸效果；石灰与绿肥、生物有机肥配施更有利于改善土壤物理特性、提高土壤pH和养分含量，施用碱性生物有机肥较酸性有机肥更有利于提高土壤pH。烤烟根系和地上部生长及经济性状主要受耕作方式的影响，烟叶化学成分主要受改土物料的影响；垂直深旋耕结合石灰、绿肥、生物有机肥改良酸性土壤，有利烤烟根系生长，改善烤烟农艺性状，提高烤烟产量和产值，协调烟叶化学成分。在山地烟区，采用垂直深旋耕结合无机、有机、生物等多物料综合协同改良酸性植烟土壤，可同步实现表层土壤酸度改良与肥力提升，还可同步实现表层与表下层酸性土壤改良，提高烤烟种植效益。 

Restoration of acid soil and improvement of tobacco cultivation efficiency by deep vertical rotary tillage combined with application of soil ameliorative materials

  Objective  The soil acidification, low organic matter and shallow ploughing have become one of the factors limiting the improvement of quality and efficiency of flue-cured tobacco. Deep vertical rotation tillage and application of ameliorative material mixing inorganic, organic and biological materials were conducted to improve the acidic soil, so as to realize the synchronization of acid soil improvement and soil fertilizer improvement as well as the synchronization of topsoil and subsurface soil improvement.  Method  Based on two-factor split zone design, including deep vertical rotary tillage and traditional farming methods, as well as lime, lime + green manure, lime + green manure + acid biological organic manure, lime + green manure + alkaline biological organic fertilizer such as ameliorative material combination, the influence of farming methods and ameliorative material and their interaction on physicochemical properties of tobacco-planting soil and root growth, agronomic characters, economic characters, chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco were studied.  Results  The physicochemical properties of tobacco-planting soil were affected by tillage methods and ameliorative materials, as well as by their interactions. Deep vertical rotary tillage could reduce soil bulk density, increase soil porosity and soil alkali-hydrolyzale nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium content, and improve the acid-regulating effect of ameliorative material. Lime combined with green manure and bio-organic fertilizer is more beneficial to improve soil physical properties, increase soil pH and nutrient content, and the application of alkaline bio-organic fertilizer is more beneficial to improve soil pH than acidic organic fertilizer. The root and aboveground growth and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco were mainly affected by tillage mode, while the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco was mainly affected by ameliorative material. Deep vertical rotary tillage combined with lime, green manure and bio-organic fertilizer to improve the acidic soil is beneficial to the root growth of flue-cured tobacco, improve the agronomic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, increase the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco, and coordinate the chemical composition of tobacco leaves.  Conclusion  In the tobacco-planting mountainous area, deep vertical rotary tillage combined with inorganic, organic, biological and other materials can be used to comprehensively improve the acidic tobacco-planting soil, which can simultaneously realize the improvement of the surface soil acidity and improvement of soil fertilizer, and simultaneously improve the acidity of topsoil and subsurface soil, contributing to improving the efficiency of flue-cured tobacco.