不同园林景观类型对老年人身心健康影响研究

众多研究表明自然景观相对于人工环境对人身心健康具有积极作用,本研究试图进一步探析不同景观类型对老年人的身心健康影响,以期获得老年人康复景观环境的设计依据。实验以中国杭州地区为例,选取草坪、水体、山林、农田、湿地5种景观,以室内环境作为对照,测试老年人身处其中的肌电反应值和精神疲劳恢复度。结果表明:老年人在自然景观中的身体放松效果明显好于室内,并且整体上产生较好的精神疲劳恢复。山林景观的放松效果最为显著,草坪景观次之,水体、农田和湿地相对较弱;老人在精神疲劳恢复中远离性感受最强;女性在山林和湿地景观中获得比男性更积极的身体反应。基于研究结果探讨了有利于老年人身心康复的景观设计策略。

Study on the Effects of Different Landscapes on Elderly People's Body-Mind Health

Enormous researches have indicated that natural landscapes would bring more positive body-mind health effect than artificial environments. In order to acquire design evidence of healing landscape for elderly people, this study aims to further explore different landscape types’ influence on elderly people’s body-mind health. Taking Hangzhou as site example, the experiment tests subjects’ electromyography and mental fatigue recovery in 5 landscape types including lawn, lake, forest, farmland and wetland, and then takes indoor environment as comparison group. The result is that the elderly people have obviously better body relaxing effect in outdoor natural landscape than interior, and generaly have better mental fatigue recovery. The forest has the most relaxing effect, the lawn takes second place, while lake, farmland and wetland relatively have weaker effect. The elderly acquires strongest feeling of being away in the process of mental fatigue recovery. The female have more positive body reaction than the male in the scenes of forest and wetland. Based on the results, the design strategies of healing landscape for elderly people could be further discussed.