基于PCR技术的产真菌毒素镰刀菌分子诊断研究进展

镰刀菌属于自然界中最频繁产生毒素的真菌类别之一。该属真菌的毒素类次生代谢产物主要包括单端孢霉烯族化合物、伏马菌素和玉米赤霉烯酮3类,引起人畜各种生理异常甚至癌变。本文综述了3类镰刀菌毒素的结构和危害、生物合成的分子机理以及聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术在其产生菌分子检测中的应用进展,突出了产毒真菌快速分子诊断技术在毒素早期预警、危害前置化干预中的意义。同时,在剖析现有产毒真菌PCR检测体系可能存在问题的基础上,提出克服瓶颈方法和进一步提高体系可靠性的有效策略。

Recent Advances in PCR-Based Molecular Diagnosis of Mycotoxigenic Fusarium

Fusarium is one of the fungal genera primarily producing mycotoxins. Fusarial toxins, mainly consisting of trichothecene, zearalenone and fumonisin, can cause psychological disorders or even cancers in humans or farmed animals. Their chemical structures and hazards and the molecular mechanisms behind their biosynthesis, together with the application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for molecular detection of the mycotoxigenic Fusarium were reviewed in this paper. The significance of rapid molecular diagnosis methodology in early warning and pre-intervention of mycotoxic damage is highlighted. Furthermore, possible problems existing in the present PCR detection systems are presented as well as some strategies to tackle such obstacles and make the systems more reliable.