文化产业空间尺度效应研究——以西安市为例

以西安市为例,利用绕城高速内文化企业空间点数据,借助ArcGIS 9.3软件创建不同尺度方格网并计算格网内文化企业点数和密度,运用基尼系数、Global Moran's I指数和Kriging插值来探讨文化产业空间尺度效应。结果表明：① 研究尺度的增大对文化企业空间集中程度具有“稀释”作用,稀释能力随着尺度的增大而减弱,这种稀释作用具有一定的尺度“阈值”;② 格网尺度超过1.5 km×1.5 km时,集中程度随尺度变化较小;③ 根据基尼系数和Global Moran's I指数的变化情况,将文化产业空间分为三个尺度层次,微观尺度（0.1 km×0.1 km~0.6 km×0.6 km）下自相关系数随尺度增大而快速增大,中观尺度（0.6 km×0.6 km~2.8 km×2.8 km）下高水平波动,宏观尺度（2.8 km×2.8 km以上）下趋于稳定;④ 从微观到宏观尺度,文化产业沿着散点—极核—轴带—团块格局演变,文化产业的尺度效应是由空间单元划分引起相邻文化密集区的空间重构造成的;⑤ 研究的实践意义在于,进行文化产业规划和制定相关政策时,应针对文化产业不同尺度的空间特征做出不同层次的安排,以利于文化产业的合理布局和健康发展。

Space scale effects of cultural industries: A case study of Xi'an

The agglomeration of industries is one of the core issues for economic geography, while scales of the unit which we use will make the analysis results uncertainty. This paper takes Xi'an as an example, utilizing the geographic coordinates of cultural corporations within the belt highway. Firstly, 60 kinds of grid with different scales were created, and the quantity and density of cultural corporations in each unit were calculated. Secondly, Gini index and Global Moran's I index were used to calculate the concentration and agglomeration of cultural industries at 60 kinds of scales. Thirdly, with the method of kriging interpolation, five typical scales were chosen to explore the spatial structure scale effect of cultural industry. The results are as fellows: (1) The concentration of cultural industry will be diluted when the scale expands. But there is a "threshold scale" for the concentration of cultural industry, the concentration declines rapidly below the "threshold scale", while it declines slowly above the scale. (2) Unlike the concentration, the agglomeration of the cultural industry seems to be a "peak scale". Below the "peak scale" the agglomeration increases rapidly when the scale expands, while above it, the agglomeration presents a declining trend at first, then it fluctuates when the scale expands continuously. (3) Based on the change characteristics of Gini index and Global Moran's I index, the scales of cultural industry were identified into three levels. The indices changed rapidly with the scale expanding on the micro scales (0.1 km×0.1 km-0.6 km×0.6 km), fluctuated at high level with the middle scales (0.6 km×0.6 km-2.8 km×2.8 km), and became stable on the macro scales (above 2.8 km×2.8 km). (4) The spatial structure differs from point (polar nucleus) to axis band to black mass when the scales vary from micro to macro level. The micro scales reflect the location factors of the cultural industry, and the middle and macro scales reflect the layer structure of cultural industry. (5) The scale effects of cultural industry results from the reconstitution for cultural corporation concentrated area when the space units redistrict. When industrial planning and policies are being enacted, different schemes and measures should be taken according to the characteristics of different scales.