M3法测定土壤有效态Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni

通过M3法对耕地土壤重金属的联合测定,为土壤重金属污染监测应用提供快速联合测定的方法。用M3法测定北方耕地土壤的有效Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni,通过对M3法与其他方法进行有效重金属测定值差异性及其相关性比较,与全量的浸出率分析等探讨M3法对耕地土壤有效重金属测定的特征。结果表明,M3法在《土壤环境质量标准》(GB 15618—1995)的土壤重金属含量范围内可以测定土壤有效态重金属Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni,且呈线性极显著相关。M3法与其他方法有效Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni有较好的相关性,与DTPA法呈极显著相关;与NaNO₃法除有效Pb外,呈极显著和显著相关;与HCl法除褐土和潮土的有效Pb外,也呈极显著和显著相关。M3法的有效态Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni的测定值均为最大。M3法对4种耕地土壤有效Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni的浸出率,因土壤类型不同,有效重金属含量所占比率不同,但利用M3法测定的有效态Cd、Cr、Pb和Ni的浸出率最大。

Determination Research of Soil Available Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni Based on the M3 Method

Combined determination of heavy metals in cultivating soils by using M3 method was studied to provide a rapid determination method in application for monitoring the soil contaminated by heavy metals. The difference of determination of available Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni in the cultivated soils from the northern area was performed by M3,and compared the measured values and correlation of heavy metal to the values measured by the other methods,and analyzed total extraction ratio of available heavy metals in cultivating soil to determine the effects of M3 application. Data showed that M3 method is enable to determine available Cd,Cr,Pb and Ni in soil within the scope of soil heavy metal contents based on the state standards of the soil environmental quality,and has very significant linear correlation. M3 method has a good relationship in determination of Cd,Cr,Pb and Ni with other methods,and is extremely significant with DTPA method,and has extremely significant and/or significant correlation with NaNO₃ method excepting available Pb,and extremely significant and/or notable compared with HCl method in cinnamon soil and fluvo-aquic soil excepting available Pb,and the measured values of effective state Cd,Cr,Pb and Ni are reached the highest points by M3 method. Extraction rates of available Cd,Cr,Pb and Ni in four soil by M3 method are different due to different soil types,and the proportion of available heavy metal contents in soils is also different,but all of an effective state Cd,Cr,Pb and Ni leaching ratio is maximal by M3 method. Conclusions: M3 method is adept to application for determining available Cd,Cr,Pb and Ni heavy metals in Brown soil,and tide soil,Brown soil and black soil in Northern China,and this result is similar to that in the actual pollution soil. This method has an advantages with simple operation,extraction of more elements,as well as decreasing extraction time.