新疆地区2 829例头颈部恶性肿瘤的流行病学分析

  目的  分析2 829例头颈部恶性肿瘤的流行病学资料，为新疆地区头颈部恶性肿瘤的防治提供方向和数据依据。  方法  通过回顾性的调查统计分析了2002年1月至2011年12月10年在诊治的2 829例头颈部恶性肿瘤患者的基本信息，对其构成比进行分析。  结果  2 829例患者，男性1 657例，占58.57%，女性1 172例，占41.43%；男女比例1.4∶1，中位年龄为55岁，主要分布在40~69岁之间(63.38%)，汉族占59.5%，维吾尔族占27.7%，哈萨克族占6.3%，回族占3.1%，蒙古族占1.6%，其他民族占1.6%，构成比位于前5位的是:口腔癌、甲状腺癌、喉癌、鼻咽癌、鼻腔鼻窦癌，占所有头颈部恶性肿瘤的74.6%。男性位于前5位的恶性肿瘤依次为:口腔癌、喉癌、鼻咽癌、鼻腔鼻窦癌、甲状腺癌。女性位于前5位的恶性肿瘤依次为:甲状腺、口腔癌、鼻腔鼻窦癌、鼻咽癌、颜面皮肤癌。汉族位于前5位的恶性肿瘤依次为:甲状腺癌、口腔癌、喉癌、鼻咽癌、鼻窦癌。维吾尔族位于前5位的恶性肿瘤依次为:口腔癌、鼻咽癌、鼻腔鼻窦癌、甲状腺癌、喉癌。哈萨克族位于前5位的恶性肿瘤依次为:口腔癌、甲状腺癌、鼻腔鼻窦癌、喉癌、口咽及下咽癌。  结论  口腔癌、甲状腺癌是新疆目前头颈部恶性肿瘤防治重点，喉癌、鼻咽癌、鼻腔鼻窦癌的防治也需要引起足够重视。 

Epidemiological analysis of 2 829 cases of head and neck cancer in Xinjiang

  Objective   This study aims to analyze the epidemiological data of 2 829 cases of head and neck cancer, as well as provide guidance and basis for the prevention and treatment of head and neck cancer among the inhabitants of Xinjiang.   Methods   Data on head and neck cancers diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2002 and December 2011 were collected, and constituent ratios were analyzed.   Results   The sample consisted of 1 657 (58.57%) males and 1 172 (41.43%) females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.4:1. Median age was 55 years, mainly distributed in the range of 40 years to 69 years. Patients within this age group constituted 63.38% of the total patients. Ethnic groups comprising the samples were as follows: Han, 59.5%; Uygur, 27.7%; Kazakh, 6.3%; Hui, 3.1%; and Mongol, 1.6%. Other ethnic groups constituted 1.6% of the sample. The five cancers with the highest constituent ratios were oral cancer, thyroid carcinoma, laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and nasal sinus cancer. The five most common cancers diagnosed in males were oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, nasal sinus cancer, and thyroid carcinoma; those in women were thyroid carcinoma, oral cancer, nasal sinus cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and facial skin cancer. The five most common cancers by ethnic groups were identified as follows: thyroid carcinoma, oral cancer, laryngeal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, and nasal sinus cancer in Han patients; oral cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, nasal sinus cancer, thyroid carcinoma, and laryngeal cancer in Uygur patients; and oral cancer, thyroid cancer, nasal sinus cancer, laryngeal cancer, and oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer in Kazakh patients.   Conclusion   Efforts toward cancer prevention should be focused on oral and thyroid cancers. Sufficient attention is needed for the prevention and treatment of laryngeal, nasopharyngeal, and nasal sinus cancer in the Xinjiang area.