中国海洋环境污染监测的回顾与展望

海洋环境污染监测是海洋环境管理的“耳目”和“哨兵”．离开海洋环境污染监测．海洋环境管理将寸步难行。在过去１５年中,中国海洋环境污染监测工作取得了长足的进步,集中表现在三个方面：一是形成了从国家海洋环境监测中心一海区监测中心－管区－监察站的四级海洋环境监测体系;组建了由国务院有关部委、沿海１１个省（市）、自治区等有关部门１００多个单位２５００人参加的全国海洋环境污染监测网;每年获取各类海洋环境污染监测数据十万余个,提供了估计全国海洋环境形势的基础。二是海洋环境污染监测工作有中国的特色。组织上实行了优化布点、分级管理,初步形成了有特色的监测网络体系;技术上推行站点网络化、布点采样规范化、分析方法标准化、数据处理计算机化、质量保证工作系统化规范化,具有自己特色的技术路线正在形成;管理上逐渐走上科学管理的道路。三是为海洋环境管理服务的能力有了明显提高。该文概略地介绍了中国海洋环境污染监测工作的全貌,全面地总结了中国海洋环境１５年来的十条宝贵经验,宏观地描述了未来中国海洋环境污染监测的发展方向。

RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT OF MARINEENVIRONM ENTAL POLLUTIONMONITORING IN CHINA

Marine environmental pollution monitoring (MEPM)is the"eye and ear" of marine envi-ronmental management (MEM). Marine environmental management must rely on MEPM.MEPM and MEM are in dialectical unity.The former must serves for the MEM and MEMmust rely on the information derived from MEPM. During the last fifteen years,MEPM inChina has been making a good progress,mainly reflects in three aspects:(1)set up four levels(state,regionai,branch and local levels) of MEPM system;yestablished "National Marine Envi-ronmental Pollution Monitoring Network" (NMEPMN )which includes more than 100 unitsand 2,500 personnels producing about 100,000 MEPM data annually;(2) MEPM has gotChineses characteristics instituting different level management organs in organizational worksand forming monitoring network system with distinguishing features: normalization in sam-pling procedures ,standardization in analytical methods,computerization in data treatment andsystematization in quality control forming the specific technical route; scientific managementdeeply implemented in the network;(3)the capability of MEPM serving for MEM highly en-hanced. Besides,the works and experiences of MEPM in China have been summarised for thelast fifeen years. The future development of MEPM are also brlefly discussed in this paper.