铀矿区放射性污染土壤修复技术研究进展

放射性核素导致的土壤污染受到人们的日益关注,铀矿山生产引起的矿区生态环境污染治理与修复已成为环保行业研究热点。铀矿区核素污染土壤修复技术包括物理修复技术、化学修复技术和生物修复等。土壤挖掘、覆盖和清洗是应对突发事件的首选方法,可发挥拓展污染场地的实际利用功能。对复杂的污染场地应当根据实际情况,发挥多学科交叉的作用,制定具有成本效益和环境友好的不同的修复技术方案,成为铀矿区放射性污染土壤修复技术的主流选择。系统总结了物理修复技术、化学修复技术和生物修复技术的基础理论、作用机制和发展现状,探讨对不同场地修复需求制定特定的修复方案路径,展望铀矿区核素污染土壤修复标准制定方向,为铀矿区放射性核素铀污染土壤修复提供理论支撑和指导依据。

Research Progress on Remediation Technology of Radioactive Contaminated Soil in Uranium Mining Area

Soil pollution caused by radionuclides has been increasingly concerned by government and public. Treatment and remediation of ecological environmental pollution in mining areas caused by uranium mine production has become a research hotspot in environmental protection industry. Remediation of radionuclide contaminated soil in uranium ore area includes physical remediation, chemical remediation and bioremediation. Soil excavation, mulching and cleaning are the first choice to deal with emergencies, which can play a role in expanding practical use of contaminated sites. For complex contaminated site, it is necessary to develop different remediation technology schemes with cost benefit and environment friendly according to actual situation, which will become mainstream choice of remediation technology of radioactive contaminated soil in uranium mining area. Basic theory, function mechanism and development current situation of physical repair technology, chemical remediation and bioremediation technology are systemly summarized. Study according to different field repair needs to formulate specific fix path is discussed. District standards development direction of uranium ore is prospected. Direction of setting standards for remediation of radionuclide contaminated soil in uranium mining area is prospected. It can provide theoretical support and guiding basis for bioremediation of uranium ore district radioactive nuclide uranium contaminated soil.