脊柱转移瘤减压手术的研究进展

脊柱是恶性肿瘤骨转移最常发生的部位,其中约10%的脊柱转移瘤患者会出现硬膜外脊髓压迫。姑息性放疗和单纯椎板切除减压术曾是转移性脊髓压迫的主要治疗方式,而前者对放疗不敏感肿瘤无效且疗效具有延后性,后者还常常损害脊柱稳定性。随着近年来手术技术和内固定器械的不断改进,脊柱转移瘤的治疗模式也发生了很大改变。减压手术经历了开放性手术减压、分离手术减压、微创手术减压和激光间质热消融减压等手术方案。但无论采取何种手术方案,都应根据患者的具体情况精确评估,尽量减少手术风险,以确保后续放疗的顺利开展。本文就脊柱转移瘤减压手术的研究进展作一综述。

Progress of decompression surgery for spinal metastases

The spine is the most common site of bone metastases from malignant tumors,with metastatic epidural spinal cord compression occurring in about 10% of patients with spinal metastases. Palliative radiotherapy and simple laminectomy and decompression have been the main treatments for metastatic spinal cord compression. The former is ineffective and delayed for radiation-insensitive tumors,and the latter often impairs spinal stability. With the continuous improvement of surgical techniques and instrumentation in recent years,the treatment model of spinal metastases has changed a lot. Decompression surgery underwent open decompression,separation surgery,minimally invasive surgery and laser interintermal thermal ablation decompression. However,no matter what kind of surgical plan is adopted,it should be assessed precisely according to the specific situation of the patient to minimize the risk of surgery as far as possible to ensure the smooth follow-up radiotherapy. This paper reviews the research progress of decompression for spinal metastases.