贺兰山天牛科昆虫区系组成及垂直分布

2013-2015年对贺兰山不同海拔和垂直植被带的天牛科昆虫进行系统调查,结果表明:贺兰山共有天牛科昆虫6亚科31属45种,其中,沟胫天牛亚科属、种数最多,有14属21种,其种数占总种数46.67%,天牛亚科有9属12种,幽天牛亚科有4属5种,花天牛亚科有2属4种,锯天牛亚科2属2种,膜花天牛亚科仅有1属1种。区系组成上,古北界有17种,占总种数的37.78%,其中中亚成分占35.29%,广布型28种,占总种数的62.22%。在我国昆虫地理区划中的分布共有13个分布类型,全国广布型最多,占总种数的20%。以蒙新区种类为主体,并与东北区和华北区关系密切联系。在垂直分布上,以山前阔叶林带采集到的天牛种类最多,有22种,占总数的48.89%;从低海拔的山前荒漠半荒漠带到高海拔的山地针叶林带,天牛物种数量逐渐增加;除山地草原带外,随海拔增高,古北界种类逐渐增多。通过聚类分析显示,山地针叶林带和针阔混交林带天牛种类组成相似性较高;山地灌丛带、山地疏林带和山前阔叶林带相似性较高;山前荒漠半荒漠带、山地草地带与其他植被带天牛组成差异较大。

Faunal composition and vertical distribution characteristics of Cerambycidae in Helan Mountain

Species composition of Cerambycidae at different altitudes and vertical vegetation belts of Helan Mountain were investigated from 2013 to 2015. Totally 45 species of Cerambycidae, belonging to 6 subfamilies, 31 genera were collected. Among them, 14 genera 21 species belong to Lamiinae were the dominant subfamilies in the area, accounting for 46. 67% of the total number of species. 9 genera 12 species belong to Cerambycinae, 4 genera 5 species belong to Aseminae, 2 genera 4 species belong to Lepturinae, 2 genera 2 species belong to Prioninae, and 1 genera 1 species Necydalinae. Based on the statistics of the faunal compositions, 17 species belong to Palaearctic origin accounting for 37. 78%, including Middle Asia pattern for 35. 29%, and 28 species belong to widely distributed pattern, accounting for 62. 22%. In the insect geographical regions of China, the widely distributed species groups counted for 20%, which are predominant types for 13 distribution patterns. The element of Mongolia-Xin play important roles in the cerambycid fauna and were closely related to Northeastern and North of China. Investigation result of vertical distribution patterns showed that the piedmont broad-leaved forest zone was most number of longicorn species which 22 species were collected, accounting for 48. 89% . Number of species of Cerambycidae gradually increased from the low elevation piedmont desert and semi-desert zone to the high elevation mountain coniferous forests zone, and Palaearctic component had an increasing trend except mountain grassland zone. Cluster analysis showed that species composition and habitats were similar among mountain shrubland zone, mountain sparse forest zone and piedmont broadleaf forest zone, mountain coniferous forests as well as mountain broadleaf and needleleaf mixed forest zone, but species composition of piedmont desert and semi-desert zone and mountain grassland zone were different from other significantly.