我国社区高血压患者健康知识及行为方式分析

目的 了解现阶段我国城乡社区高血压患者健康知识和行为状况,探讨相关影响因素.方法 2010年在我国江苏、山东、河北、甘肃和四川省整群抽取10个城乡社区,对社区居民中8326例年龄在35～ 75岁的高血压患者开展高血压健康知识和行为方式问卷调查.分析比较不同性别、地区、年龄、文化程度和职业的高血压患者健康知识和行为.结果 高血压健康知识状况：只有25％的高血压患者知道正常血压范围,危险因素为长期膳食高盐、超重肥胖和长期过量饮酒的知晓率是50.6％、45.8％和42.0％,知道高血压导致脑卒中的比例为58.2％.行为方面：28.0％的高血压患者能够每周至少测量1次血压,男性健康行为比例（包括完全戒烟、戒酒和控制饮食）低于女性,OR （95％CI）值分别为0.50（0.38～0.65）,0.34（0.27～0.42）和0.77（0.70～0.85）.与农村居民相比,城市居民更能够经常测血压、完全戒烟和适当锻炼,其OR （95％ CI）值分别为1.97（1.70～2.29）,1.31（1.02～1.69）和2.14（1.87～2.44）.年龄长者的危险因素知晓水平较低,但是更能够积极采取一些健康行为.文化程度与健康知识和行为（除戒烟戒酒）均呈正相关.与体力劳动者相比,技术性工作者的健康知识水平高并常测血压,退休及从事家务者更能够经常测血压、控制饮食和适当锻炼.结论 我国高血压患者相关健康知识较为缺乏.高血压患者健康知识和行为受性别、城乡、年龄、文化程度和职业影响.

Health knowledge and health behavior of hypertensive community residents

Objective To learn current status of health knowledge and health behavior of hypertensive patients living at urban or rural communities of China,and to explore its affecting factors.Methods A total of 8326 hypertensive patients aged 35-75 years old were sampled from 10 communities of Jiangsu,Shandong,Hebei,Gansu and Sichuan Provinces in 2010.The participants were interviewed face-toface to complete a questionnaire on their health knowledge and lifestyle.Health knowledge and daily practices were assayed by gender,region,age,educational level and occupation.Results Only 25％participants knew the criteria of normal blood pressure.The awareness rate of the risk factors of hypertension was 50.6％ for high salt intake,45.8％ for obesity and 42.0％ for excessive alcohol drinking.58.2％participants considered hypertension as a strong risk factor for stroke.28.0％ hypertensive individuals measured blood pressure at least once a week.Male participants had less healthy behaviors than females,including cigarette smoking cessation （odds ratio （OR） =0.50,95％ confidence interval （CI） 0.38-0.65）,no alcohol consumption （OR=0.34,95％ CI 0.27-0.42） and diet control （OR=0.77,95％ CI 0.70-0.85）.In comparison with rural residents,urban residents were more likely to measure blood pressure at least once a week （OR=1.97,95％ CI 1.70-2.29）,give up cigarette smoking （OR=1.31,95％ CI 1.02-1.69） and exercise moderately （OR=2.14,95％ CI 1.87-2.44）.Although elderly patients were lack of hypertension related knowledge,they were more likely to choose healthy lifestyles.Health knowledge and behavior （except for cigarette smoking and alcohol drinking cessation） tended to positively associated with education level.Compared with manual workers,mental workers had more health knowledge and increased frequency of blood pressure measurement; the retirees and housewives were more likely to measure blood pressure frequently,control food intake and have moderate physical exercises.Conclusions In China,hypertensive patients show lower awareness to the knowledge of hypertension.Gender,region,age,educational level and occupation may be associated with health knowledge and health behavior of hypertensive patients.