二硝酰胺铵的急性毒性和亚慢性毒性研究

目的 对新型含能材料二硝酰胺铵(ADN)的急性毒性、亚急性毒性和亚慢性毒性进行研究,确定ADN的急性毒性分级、毒作用性质及靶器官.方法 根据《化学品毒性鉴定技术规范》,采用大鼠和小鼠急性经口毒性试验、亚急性经口(28d)毒性试验和亚慢性经口(90d)毒性试验.结果 (1)急性经口毒性试验结果表明,ADN对小鼠的经口半数致死剂量LD50为568.9 mg/kg,大鼠为616.6 mg/kg,急性毒性分级属低毒级化学物.(2)亚急性经口(28d)毒性试验结果表明,雌、雄鼠123 mg/kg剂量组体重增长明显低于对照组；61.6、123 mg/kg剂量组血清中总胆红素、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活力明显高于对照组,肝/体比值明显低于对照组.(3)亚慢性经口(90d)毒性试验结果表明,从染毒第5周开始,123 mg/kg剂量组雌性大鼠体重增长幅度明显降低,与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；61.6、123mg/kg剂量组血清中总胆红素、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活力高于对照组,肝/体比值明显低于对照组,肝脏病变检出例数明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 ADN急性毒性分级属低毒级,其无可见有害作用水平(NOAEL)为30.8 mg/kg,毒作用的靶器官主要为肝脏.

Study on acute and subchronic toxicity of ammonium dinitramide (ADN)

Objective To study the acute,subacute and subchronic toxicity induced by ammonium dinitramide (ADN),and to ascertain the gradation and target organs of acute toxicity induced by AND.Methods According to technical specifications for toxicity determination of chemicals,the oral tests for acute,subacute and subchronic toxicity induced by AND were performed for 90 days.Results The oral LD50 for mouse and rat was 568.9 mg/kg and 616.6 mg/kg ADN respectively.The gradation of acute toxicity induced by AND was low level.The results of oral subacute and subchronic toxicity tests (for 28 and 90 days) showed that a gain in weight in group exposed to 123 mg/kg AND was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05),the TBIL and ALT in group exposed to 61.6 and 123 mg/kg AND significantly increased and the ratio of liver weight to body weight obviously decreased,as compared with control group,the number of animals with hepatic pathological changes in group exposed to 61.6 and 123 mg/kg AND was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The gradation of acute toxicity induced by ADN was low level.When the exposure dose of AND was 30.8mg/kg,the adverse effect was not observed,and the target organ was liver.