癌痛中医外治法研究进展

中医认为，癌痛的病因不外乎六淫邪毒、七情内伤、饮食失调、正气亏虚，病机为“不通则痛”，虚痛病机属“不荣则痛”，其病理性质为本虚标实，以标实为主。治以活血祛瘀、行气补血、清热解毒、清热祛湿、温经散寒等法为主。常用外治方法有敷贴、涂擦、穴位离子导入、注射及埋线、拔火罐、灸疗、灌肠、喷雾、中药外敷与西药止痛药联合。治疗癌痛的起效机制是扶正祛邪，今后癌痛中医外治法应从WHO推荐的三阶梯止痛疗法进行对比研究。

External therapy in traditional Chinese medicine of cancer pain

In traditional Chinese medicine,the etiologies of the cancer pain are no more than the six toxins,the eating disorders and deficiency of vital qi. Its pathogenesis is the |“stagnation leading to pain”. The pathogenesis of the virtual pain is“malnutrition leading to pain”. The quality of its pathogenesis is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality and the later plays a more important role. Cancer pain can be treated by activating blood and dissolving stasis,invigorating qi and blood,clearing away heat and toxic materials,expelling damp,dispersing cold by warming the meridians,etc. Commonly used external treatment methods are application,rub,acupoint iontophoresis,injection and embedding,cupping therapy,moxibustion,enema,spray,external application of Chinese herbs and pain relief west-ern medicine. The onset mechanism of cancer pain is to strengthen the body resistance to eliminate pathogenic factors. Treatment of external therapy of traditional Chinese medicine should take the three-step analgesic ladder therapy that recommended by WHO as a trend.