新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州土地利用时空变化特征

基于GIS平台,以新疆各县市统计资料及Landsat TM影像解译得到的3期土地利用数据为基础,对克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州1996-2004年土地利用数量、类型及其变化进行分析.结果表明,前后2个4年间,林地和建设用地是先减少后增加,草地则是先增加后减少.在8年尺度上土地利用总的动态特征是:耕地、建设用地和未利用土地面积减少,园地、林地、草地和水域面积增加.8年尺度综合土地利用动态度为0.32.前4年综合土地利用动态度为0.17,园地与建设用地的年变化率较大,林地的年变化率较低.后4年综合土地利用动态度为0.19,耕地与园地的年变化率较大,未利用土地和草地的变化率较低,后4年变化程度比前4年明显.最后引入单一土地利用类型相对变化率,反映出土地利用变化存在明显的区域差异.政策变动、经济发展、城市化水平、市场需求和人口增长是克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州土地利用变化的主要原因.

Analysis on the Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Land Use Change in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang, China

Based on GIS with statistical approaches, in this paper the land use types and change in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang during the period of 1996 - 2004 are analyzed using the government statistic data and Landsat TM data. The analyzed results show that the areas of woodlands and building lands in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture were reduced in the first half of the period, and then enlarged, whereas the area of meadowlands was in an opposite change trend. At the 8-year scale, the overall trend of land use change in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture was in a reduction of the areas of cultivated lands, building lands and unused lands but an enlargement of garden plots, woodlands, steppes and waters. In these 8 years, the dynamic degree of comprehensive land use change in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture was 0.32, and it was 0.17 in the first half of the period and 0.19 in the second half. In the first 4 years, the annual change rate of garden plots and building lands was relatively high, while that of woodlands was relatively low. In the second 4 years, the annual change rate of cultivated lands and garden plots was relatively high, while that of unused lands and steppes was relatively low. The land use change rate in the second half of the period was significantly higher than that in the first half. The relative change rates of all the land use types are calculated so as to analyze the special difference of land use change in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture. It is considered that some so- cial and economic factors, such as government policy, economic development, urbanization level, market demand and population growth, are the main factors affecting land use change in Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture.