山楂的化学成分、药理作用及质量标志物（Q-Marker）预测

山楂是我国传统的药材,具有健胃消食、行气散瘀、化浊调脂的功效。其主要化学成分类型为黄酮类、萜类、有机酸类、多糖类等。现代药理研究表明,山楂具有促进胃肠蠕动及软化心脑血管方面的作用。此外,还具有调节免疫、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抑菌等作用。因山楂具有多基原、多功效、多炮制品的特点,而《中国药典》中指标成分仅为枸橼酸,故对山楂的化学成分、药理作用进行了总结概括,并根据质量标志物(Q-Marker)的概念从植物化学成分专有性、化学成分与有效成分、化学成分可测性等方面进行了分析,有机酸类和黄酮类中的槲皮素、金丝桃苷、芦丁、山柰酚、牡荆素-4′-鼠李糖苷、牡荆素、牡荆素鼠李糖苷可作为Q-Marker成分,为山楂的质量评价研究提供依据。

Research progress on chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Crataegi Fructus and predictive analysis on Q-Marker

Shanzha (Crataegi Fructus) is a Chinese medicinal material, which has the functions of invigorating stomach, promoting digestion, promoting qi circulation, removing blood stasis, removing turbidity and reducing blood lipid. Chemical components in Crataegi Fructus are abundant, including flavonoids, triterpenes, organic acids, polysaccharides and so on. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Crataegi Fructus has benefit in promoting gastrointestinal peristalsis, attenuating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Moreover, Crataegi Fructus also has the functions of regulating immunity, resisting oxidation, resisting tumor and inhibiting bacteria. Crataegi Fructus has the characteristics of multi-sources, multi-efficacies and multi-processed products, meanwhile the quota component is citric acid in pharmacopoeia. In this paper, the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Crataegi Fructus were systematically summarized. According to the concept of quality marker (Q-Marker), the Q-Markers of Crataegi Fructus were predicted from the aspects of plant affinites, chemical constituents and effective components, mensurability of chemical constituents, which provided the basis for the quality evaluation of Crataegi Fructus.