湛江湾沉积物中六六六(HCHs)、滴滴涕(DDTs)有机氯农药的分布特征与风险评估

从湛江湾的遂溪河入海口至其与南海相交的湾口采集了16个表层沉积物样品,采用气相色谱-质谱分析方法检测了沉积物中的有机氯农药（HCHs、DDTs）,旨在探讨其分布与风险特征.结果表明,湛江湾表层沉积物中OCPs的含量为nd~189.52 ng·g^-1,平均值为32.17 ng·g^-1,其中六六六（HCHs）与滴滴涕（DDTs）的含量平均值分别为5.81 ng·g^-1和26.90 ng·g^-1.总体分布特征表现为湾区的河流入海口和主航道区具有较高的OCPs,近岸区含量高于离岸区域.对其来源进行分析发现,HCHs的输入以农业为主,工业输入影响不明显,DDTs在港口航道区域呈现高值"热点"区,可能存在防污漆的输入.另外风险评估值显示湛江海湾表层沉积物中DDTs存在一定的不利生物效应影响风险.总体上,湛江湾的有机氯农药污染状况相比国内其他海湾属中等偏上,尤其是港口和船舶维修区域可能存在较高的有机氯农药输入,存在一定的生态风险,需要引起重视和进一步的研究.

Distribution Characteristics and Ecological Risk Assessment of Organochlorine Pesticides in Sediments of Zhanjiang Bay

Sixteen surface sediment samples were collected from the estuary of the Suixi river to the mouth of Zhanjiang Bay and then analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) by GC-MS to investigate their distribution and ecological risk. The results showed that the concentrations of OCPs in the sediments ranged from nd to 189.52 ng·g^-1 (mean 32.17 ng·g^-1), including HCHs (mean 5.81 ng·g^-1) and DDTs (mean 26.90 ng·g^-1). The distribution characteristics showed that the highest OCPs concentrations were found in the estuary and the main shipping lane areas, and the concentration in the nearshore area was higher than that offshore. Source analysis indicated that the HCHs mainly originated from agricultural applications, while no industrial input was observed. Some "hot-spots" areas occurred in harbors and shipping channels, likely as a result of the presence of paint flakes. Additionally, the concentrations of DDTs were found to be higher than the limits of Chinese Marine sediment quality criteria, and p,p''-DDT was the main type of DDT, presenting inevitable adverse biological effects and high ecological risk. Compared with other bays in China, the concentrations of OCPs in this study were in the upper-median pollution level, especially in harbors and boat maintenance facility areas. High OCPs inputs may occur, and thereby represent a certain ecological risk in Zhanjiang Bay.