我国牛病毒性腹泻流行现状与防控策略

我国牛病毒性腹泻病(Bovine viral diarrhea，BVD)的流行比较复杂，其病原BVDV (BVDV-1和BVDV-2)不仅仅局限于已知易感动物牛群感染，其他动物种群中感染BVDV-1和BVDV-2的现象也值得注意，如猪群中BVDV感染很大程度上混淆了猪瘟等病原的监测，从而加剧病程发展。牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus，BVDV)可致持续感染(Persistent infection，PI)，这一特性导致该病的净化面临巨大困难，对整个养殖场的健康发展形成了严峻威胁。BVDV抗原变异速率非常快，目前BVDV-1已有22个亚型，BVDV-2有4个亚型，鉴于病原在自然界的适应和演进特性，对该病的防控措施迟后其病原的变异速度。因此，定期摸清BVDV-1和BVDV-2在我国的流行现状是实施疫病净化的第一步和关键步骤，进一步借鉴国外BVD净化成功经验，综合考虑我国国情，采取适宜的防控策略，逐步净化该病原感染，有助于促进国内养殖业的健康发展。

Epidemic status and control strategies of bovine viral diarrhea in China

The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) in China remains to be known due to the complicated BVDV infections , and its etiology BVDV (BVDV-1 and BVDV-2) is not limited to infect cattle, also goes to other animal infections including swine BVDV infection which could clinically confuse the classic swine fever monitoring and diagnosis, led to exacerbate the disease course. Due to persistent infection (PI) caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), the eradication of the disease is faced with great difficulty and poses a severe threat to the healthy development of the whole dairy farm. Considering currently there are 22 subtypes of BVDV-1 and 4 subtypes of BVDV-2 for the rapid antigen variation and evolution rate of BVDV, our effective prevention and control of this disease is far behind the viral mutation rate. Therefore, the epidemic status of BVDV-1 and BVDV-2 in pigs and cattle in China is regularly investigated and understood, which is the first and critical step of epidemic disease eradication. To be based on the successful experience of BVD eradication abroad, to comprehensively consider the national conditions, to take appropriate prevention and control strategies, and to gradually eradicate the pathogen infection and the related disease, which is conducive to promote the healthy development of domestic breeding industry.