松花湖表层沉积物中PAHs及PAEs污染特征

松花湖是吉林省面积最大的湖泊和重要水源地，具有防洪排涝、灌溉供水、航运旅游等重要功能.为探究松花湖中PAHs（多环芳烃）和PAEs（邻苯二甲酸酯）的主要污染来源及生物毒性风险，于2017年7月采集松花湖21个表层沉积物样品，采用GC-MS测试16种US EPA（美国环境保护局）优先控制PAHs和6种PAEs的质量分数，并通过统计学方法对调查结果进行分析.结果表明:①松花湖沉积物中w（∑₁₆PAHs）范围为23.1~554.8 ng/g，平均值和中位值分别为172.9和123.2 ng/g，w（∑₁₆PAHs）高值分布在漂河镇和丰满乡附近湖区，主要来源于石油燃烧污染，贡献率为57.9%，其次为煤及生物质燃烧污染、石油泄露污染，贡献率分别为21.1%、21.0%.②松花湖沉积物中w（∑₆PAEs）范围为33.7~2 062.3 ng/g，平均值和中位值分别为240.4和72.7 ng/g，主要成分为DBP（邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯）和DEHP（邻酞酸二辛酯），w（∑₆PAEs）高值分布在旺起镇附近湖区，其来源主要与城镇生活污染输入有关.③松花湖沉积物中PAHs、PAEs污染生态风险较低，只有部分采样点存在低度潜在生态风险，但旺起镇附近湖区沉积物中的w（DBP）已经临近ERL（效应区间低值），需加以关注.研究显示，松花湖PAHs、PAEs污染程度较低，为加强松花湖饮用水源地保护，应着重加强交通燃油污染源的风险防控，同时在乡镇附近湖区应加强燃煤和生活污染源的监管力度. 

Pollution Characteristics of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phthalate Esters in Surface Sediments of in Songhua Lake

To explore the main source and biotoxicity risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalate esters (PAEs) in the sediments of Songhua Lake, an important water source in Jilin Province, 21 surface sediment samples were collected from Songhua Lake in July 2017, the preferentially controlled mass fractions of 16 PAHs and 6 PAEs were determined by GC-MS, and the survey results were analyzed by statistical analysis. The research result shows that:(1) The range of w(∑₁₆PAHs) was 23.1-554.8 ng/g, and the mean and median values were 172.9 and 123.2 ng/g, respectively. The high value of w(∑₁₆PAHs) was found in the area near Piaohe Town and Fengman Town. The sources of PAHs mainly came from fuel oil pollution (contribution rate was 57.9%), followed by coal and biomass burning pollution, petroleum product leakage pollution (contribution rates were 21.1% and 21.0%). (2) The range of w(∑₆PAEs) was 33.7-2062.3 ng/g, and the mean and median values were 240.4 and 72.7 ng/g, respectively. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and Bis (2-ethylhexyl) ortho-phthalate (DEHP) were the main components of PAEs. The high value distribution of w(∑₆PAEs) was located in the area near Wangqi Town, the sources of PAEs were mainly affected by urban domestic pollution inputs. (3) PAHs and PAEs in the sediments of Songhua Lake had low ecological risk, only some points had low potential ecological risks, but w(DBP) was close to the effects range low (ERL) in the area near Wangqi Town, which should be paid attention to. The study showed that the pollution degree of PAHs and PAEs in Songhua Lake was low, but in order to strengthen the protection of Songhua Lake, the source of drinking water, it is necessary to strengthen the risk prevention and control of traffic fuel pollution sources and the supervision of coal combustion and domestic pollution sources in the lake area near townships.