生物质致密成型技术研究进展

生物质成型燃烧成本较低,且经过致密成型后的生物质燃料密度和强度都得到提高,便于运输和燃烧.生物质致密成型技术按加热温度可以分为加热成型和常温高压成型两种.应用较多的成型燃料加工机有活塞冲压式、辊模挤压式、螺旋挤压式3种形式.很多发达国家早在20世纪初就已开始研究生物质成型技术,这些国家的成型设备专业化程度高,自动化程度好,热效率高,污染小,有合理的加工工艺.但由于设备价格高、耗电高、易结渣、原料产品单一,并不适合我国.我国在生物质成型方面的研究起步较晚,目前主要的生物质成型技术包括螺旋挤压技术、活塞冲压技术和辊模挤压成型技术,但与西方发达国家相比仍有较大差距.为了进一步促进我国生物质成型燃料的发展,建议国家应不断完善对生物质成型燃料研究及生产的扶持政策；生物质成型燃料装备不仅要考虑到节能,还应该与指定的原料基地相结合；加强生物质成型机理的研究,减少设备易损件的数量,降低能耗；开发研制以生物质成型物为原料的发电、供电一体化集成设备；在设备实用性、系列化上下功夫,不断降低成本,提高技术水平.

Advances in Biomass Solidification Technology

Biomass fuel is relatively cheap.After solidification,both the density and intensity of the biofuel improve,making the fuel easier to transport and burn.Biomass solidification technology can be divided into thermoforming and compressed-forming based on the temperature required in the processing.Piston stamping,roller die extrusion and screw extrusion are the three major types of solidified fuel processing machines.Research work of biomass solidification technology in many developed countries started as early as the early 20th century.Nowadays,the technologies used in these countries are highly specialized and automated and is characterized by high thermal efficiency,less pollution and more reasonable process.However,because of high equipment price,high power consumption,ease of slag bonding and limited variety of feedstock suitable for processing,these technologies are not suitable for China.China is a late comer in the study of biomass solidification and the main such technologies used in China include screw extrusion,piston stamping and roller die extrusion.However,there is still a large gap between the technologies used in China and developed countries.In order to promote the development of biomass solidification technology,the government should move to improve its policy incentives for biomass fuel research and production.When developing solidified biofuel equipment,one should not consider energy-saving only,but should also consider the location of designated raw material bases.The research on biomass solidification mechanism should be strengthened to try to reduce the number of vulnerable parts of equipment,and to reduce energy consumption.China should develop equipment integrating both power generation and supply,which uses solidified biomass fuels as the raw material.Lastly,China should make effort to improve the practical applicability of equipment and to enrich product lineup while continuously cutting costs and raising technical capabilities.