硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾对土壤酶活性及桃幼树生长的影响

为探究硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾对桃树生长的效应,以盆栽一年生瑞蟠21号毛桃(Amygdalus persica Linn.)为试验材料,设置3种不同施肥方式(T1:硅钙钾镁;T2:硅钙钾镁+黄腐酸钾;CK:空白对照),在桃幼树生长季进行追肥处理,研究硅钙钾镁肥及硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾对土壤酶活性、土壤养分状况及桃幼树根系构型和植株生长的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,T1、T2均显著提高了桃幼树生长季各时期土壤酸性磷酸酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性,以及土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有效硅等含量,且配施黄腐酸钾后作用更明显。与CK相比,T1、T2细根比重分别提高了11.2%和26.2%,根系活力分别提高了12.2%和18.1%,根系总长度分别增加了28.1%和61.9%,且有效延缓了根系衰老;T1、T2植株总干重分别提高了1.2倍和2.0倍,根冠比分别提高了9.4%和17.0%,且差异显著。与CK相比,T1、T2各器官中全氮、全磷、全钾含量均显著增加,地上部硅含量分别提高了61.3%和91.9%,地下部硅含量分别提高了62.3%和102.5%,且差异显著。同时,T1、T2桃幼树叶片叶绿素含量和净光合速率均显著提高。综上所述,硅钙钾镁肥可有效提高土壤酶活,促进桃幼树细根的生长,延缓根系衰老进程,增加氮、磷、钾、硅等营养元素积累量,提高叶片光合速率,促进植株生长;硅钙钾镁肥配施黄腐酸钾后,提高了土壤有效硅及植株硅含量,比单施硅钙钾镁肥效果更加显著。本研究结果为桃树合理施用硅钙钾镁肥提供了理论依据。

Effects of Silicon,Calcium, Potassium and Magnesium Fertilizer Combined With Fulvic Acid Potassium on Soil Enzyme Activity and the Growth of Young Peach Trees

In order to explore the effect of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizer combined with fulvic acid potassium on the growth of peach trees, three different fertilization methods (T1: Si-Ca-K-Mg, T2: Si-Ca-K-Mg + fulvic acid potassium, CK: blank as control) were used to topdress the young peach trees in the growing season, and Rui-Pan 21/Amygdalus persica Linn. was used as experimental material. Effects of Si-Ca-K-Mg combined with potassium fulvic acid on soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient status, root architecture and plant growth of young peach trees were evaluated.The results showed that compared with CK, T1 and T2 significantly increased the activities of soil acid phosphatase, urease and catalase as well as the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and available silicon in the soil at different stages of your peach tree growth season, and the effects of combined application of potassium fulvic acid were more obvious. Compared with CK, fine root specific gravity increased by 11.2% and 26.2%, root activity increased by 12.2% and 18.1%, root length increased by 28.1% and 61.9% respectively, and delayed effectively root senescence. The total dry weight of plants for T1 and T2 increased by 1.2 and 2.0 times, and the root-shoot ratio increased by 9.4% and 17.0%, respectively. Compared with CK, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in organs of T1 and T2 increased significantly, and the contents of silicon in shoot increased by 61.3% and 91.9%, respectively, and that in underground increased by 63.4% and 99.4%. At the same time, chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of peach leaves treated by T1 and T2 increased significantly. To sum up, Si-Ca-K-Mg combined fertilizercan effectively improve soil enzyme activity, promote the growth of fine roots of young peach trees, delay the process of root senescence, increase the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, silicon and other nutrients, improve leaf photosynthetic rate and promote plant growth. The content of soil available silicon and plant silicon were increased by the application of Si-Ca-K-Mg combined with potassium fulvic acid, which was more significant than that of Si-Ca-K-Mg alone. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for rational application of silicon, calcium, potassium and magnesium fertilizers in peach trees.