Quantification and valuation of ecosystem services in diverse production systems for informed decision-making |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 30, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark;2. Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;1. CERENA, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Torre Sul, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal;2. UEISSAFSV, INIAV, Ministry of Agriculture, Oeiras, Portugal;1. Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology ? LIST, Department of Environmental Research and Innovation ? ERIN, Belvaux, Luxembourg;2. Peruvian LCA Network, Department of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, San Miguel, Lima, Peru;3. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;4. Inagro vzw, Rumbeke, Belgium;1. Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;2. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, 3a Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;3. O’Kane Consultants (NZ) Ltd, RMB 55037, Castle Hill Village, Christchurch 8154, New Zealand;4. Solid Energy New Zealand Ltd, 15 Show Place, Addington, Christchurch 8024, New Zealand;5. Department of Ecology, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand;1. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Alle 30, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark;2. DJ Miljø og Geoteknik P/S, Falkevej 12, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark;3. Institute of Soil Research (IBF), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria;1. Department of Geography, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-4493, USA;2. UNEP Copenhagen Climate Centre, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark |
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| Abstract: | The empirical evidence of decline in ecosystem services (ES) over the last century has reinforced the call for ES quantification, monitoring and valuation. Usually, only provisioning ES are marketable and accounted for, whereas regulating, supporting and cultural ES are typically non-marketable and overlooked in connection with land-use or management decisions. The objective of this study was to quantify and value total ES (marketable and non-marketable) of diverse production systems and management intensities in Denmark to provide a basis for decisions based on economic values. The production systems were conventional wheat (Cwheat), a combined food and energy (CFE) production system and beech forest. Marketable (provisioning ES) and non-marketable ES (supporting, regulating and cultural) ES were quantified by dedicated on-site field measurements supplemented by literature data. The value of total ES was highest in CFE (US$ 3142 ha?1 yr?1) followed by Cwheat (US$ 2767 ha?1 yr?1) and beech forest (US$ 2328 ha?1 yr?1). As the production system shifted from Cwheat - CFE–beech, the marketable ES share decreased from 88% to 75% in CFE and 55% in beech whereas the non-marketable ES share increased to 12%, 25% and 45% of total ES in Cwheat, CFE and beech respectively, demonstrating production system and management effects on ES values. Total ES valuation, disintegrated into marketable and non-marketable share is a potential way forward to value ES and ‘tune’ our production systems for enhanced ES provision. Such monetary valuation can be used by policy makers and land managers as a tool to assess ES value and monitor the sustained flow of ES. The application of ES-based valuation for land management can enhance ES provision for maintaining the productive capacity of the land without depending on the external fossil-based fertilizer and chemical input. |
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| Keywords: | Bio-physical quantification Combined food and energy system Economic valuation field measurements Land management Marketable and non-marketable ecosystem services |
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