辽宁省5类职业人群生活方式调查及健康教育模式探讨

目的了解辽宁省公务员、科技人员、企事业管理者、教师、体力劳动者等5类职业人群生活方式现状,探讨适合的健康教育模式。方法采用多阶段分层抽样方法,在辽宁省丹东、营口市,抽取上述5类18～60岁职业人群2450人,进行问卷调查。结果公务员、科技人员、教师、体力劳动者和企事业管理者按时吃饭的比例分别为59.1%、55.8%、52.1%、50.7%和45.9%(P<0.01),按时吃早饭的比例分别为61.0%、52.5%、42.5%、50.7%和47.8%(P<0.01)。与体力劳动者比较,公务员等脑力劳动者更多考虑膳食合理搭配(P<0.01),经常摄入米面比例较低,而经常摄入禽肉、水产品、乳蛋、豆类比例均较高(P<0.01);每人每天运动量较多(P<0.01);吸烟率较低(P<0.01)。饮酒率由高至低分别为公务员(51.1%)、科技人员(38.4%)、体力劳动者(37.3%)、企事业管理者(29.3%)和教师(25.4%)。结论吸烟、酗酒、膳食结构不合理、运动量不足等慢性病行为危险因素在5类职业人群中普遍存在。对脑力劳动者采用参与式教学,体力劳动者采取同伴教育模式进行慢性病防治健康教育,促进其健康行为形成,十分必要。

Survey on life style and health education model exploring among five occupational populations in Liaoning Province

Objective To understand the status of life styles among civil servants, scientific and technical person- nel, administrative staffs, teachers and physical workers, and explore suitable health education model for occupational pop- ulations in Liaoning Province. Methods With multi-staged stratified sampling, 2450 participants aged 18 -60 years old in five occupations were selected from Dandong City and Yingkou City in Liaoning Province. Results The proportions of dinner in time among civil servants, scientific and technical personnel, teachers, physical workers and administrative staffs were 59.1% , 55.8% , 52. 1% , 50.7% and 45.9% , respectively （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The proportions of having breakfast on time were 61.0%, 52. 5%, 42. 5%, 50. 7% and 47.8% （P 〈 0. 01 ）. Compared to physical workers, brain labors such as civil servants, scientific and technical personnel, administrative staffs, teachers had more thought reasonable nutritional food than （P 〈 0. 01 ）, took lower amount of corns, and higher amount of fruits, meat, milk and eggs, and beans （P 〈 0.01 ）. Also daily amount of exercise was higher than that of physical workers （P 〈0. 01 ）. The rate of smoking for brain la- bors was lower than physical workers （P 〈0. 01 ）. The ranks of alcohol drinking were civil servants （51.1%）, scientific and technical personnel （38. 4% ）, physical workers （37.3%）, administrative staffs （29. 3% ） and teachers （25.4%）. Conclusion Smoking, alcohol, diet unreasonable, inadequate physical activity were common health problems among the five occupation populations. Targeted intervention method including participation teaching among physical workers and peer education among brain labors were necessary to be developed for chronic disease prevention and heath behavior changing.