南极长城站地区现代环境地球化学特征

本文通过环境背景值、风化壳地球化学、对流层(大气气溶胶)地球化学和人为地球化学异常,初步探讨了南极长城站地区的现代环境地球化学特征。分析表明:环境要素固有的地球化学性质、区域环境条件和自然环境演变之间具有深刻的内在联系。

MODERN ENVIRONMENTAL GEOGHEMICAL CHARAC-TERISTICS IN THE GREAT WALL STATION REGION

The study of the geochemical characteristics of the modern environment is to reveal the different chemical composition and internal relationship among various elements in the cpigenetic environment as well as the influence of anthropogenic activity on it. The chemical constituents of all elements in the natural environment are complicated and the geochemical process going on in the epigenetic environment is a grand and complex process in the exchange of matter and energy running through all of them. The transference process of the chemical elements going on in the epigenetic environment at the same time also refers to their geochemical time- and space-differential processes in same. It is exactly because of the going on of such processes that obvious differentiation takes place in the interior of the epigenetic environment and link together the various differentiated components genetically to form a unified epigenetic environmental integral. Only by means of making an integrated study of all the environmental elements overally that it is possible to make clear the geochemical essentials in them. 1. Modern environmental geochemical characteristics and natural environmental evolution have an inherent relationship. To know the geochemical characteristics of ,the modern environment and its laws of variation not only calls for an overall consideration of the features of the modern regional environment and the various geochemical properties of the environmental factors and their interaction but also the dynamic changes and phasing of the natural environment. It is only through gaining a deeper knowledge of the geochemical characteristics of the modern environment that it is possible to strike up the geochemical relation among all the environmental factors and apply it to the study of the evolution of the natural environment 2. The background value of environmental geochemistry is the function of time. The level of its content and the law of its variation not only reflect the build-in attribute of the environmental medium but is also identical with the phasing of the dynamic variation of the environment. 3. A comparison of the products of epigenetic and endogenic action shows that regional characteristics of the former are marked. The environmental geochemical characteristics of this region when compared with other regions reveals not only similarity but also peculiarity. The constitution of the chemical elements of pyrogenic and sedimentary rocks here have obvious similarities. The element content of pedogenic mother rocks have marked constraint on primitive soil; but the correlationship of both is not very prominent. However, elements As in pyrogenic rocks and Cu in sedimentary rocks respectively are correlated to certain sulphophilic elements in the primitive soil developed on them. 4. The difference in chemical constitution and content level of atmospheric precipitation of this region are conspicuous with a display of instability; whereas the chemical co-nstitu tion and content of surface water are relatively stable. 5. The atmospheric aerosol of this region manifests itself to be clearly of the "oceanic type". Approximately more than 80 %. of these have the ocean as their generation source; roughly 10% are developed from the local soil source and another 10 % or so come from remote continents through long distance transmission which reflects from one facet the intensity of the global impact of human activity. 6. In the soil nearby the research station region, the content of Pb and Cd have increased conspicuously. This is primarily caused by exhausts discharged from electric generation units, automobiles and aeroplanes.