基于省域的中国甜瓜生产比较优势空间特征分析

目的]分析中国甜瓜生产比较优势区域的空间特征,为中国甜瓜产业战略决策提供参考.方法]以基于省域的中国甜瓜播种面积、总产量和单位面积产量为研究单元,系统分析中国甜瓜产量、效率、规模、集中度、综合比较优势、单位面积产量比、播种面积比及其空间分布特征.利用中国的农业统计资料,以产量比较优势指数、效率比较优势指数、规模比较优势指数、集中度比较优势指数、综合比较优势指数、单位面积产量比指数及播种面积比指数分析中国甜瓜生产比较优势状况,并通过“地图汇”软件在地图上进行空间表达.结果]中国甜瓜生产优势区域依次为新疆、黑龙江、吉林、山东、河南、内蒙古、辽宁、江苏、湖北、湖南和上海等11个省（市、区）.东北和华中地区为中国甜瓜生产的综合比较优势区,华东、华北、西北和华南地区可作为后备发展区域,西南地区近年来在瓜类生产中优先发展甜瓜产业,其优势不断增强.结论]中国各地区甜瓜生产仍需加强发挥规模效应和集聚效应,同时要进一步优化中国甜瓜产业的区域优势布局,充分协调甜瓜生产,使其达到区域间和季节性平衡,提高甜瓜专业化生产水平,推动区域间有序健康竞争.

Spatial distribution characteristics of provincial comparative advantages in melon production in China

Objective]The present study aimed to clarify the spatial characteristics of comparative advantage in melon production in China in order to provide references for the development strategy of melon industry in China.Method]The seeding area,total yield and unit yield of melon were used as study element to analyze the yield,efficient,scale,concentration ratio,comprehensive comparative advantage,yield ratio of unit area,seeding area and its spatial distribution characteristics of melon in China.Based on the agricultural statistics data of China,yield comparative advantage （YCA） index,efficiency comparative advantage （ECA） index,scale comparative advantage （SCA） index,concentration ratio comparative advantage （CRCA） index,comprehensive comparative advantage （CCA） index,ratio of yield per unit area （RYPA） index and sowing area ratio （SAR） index were established and calculated to analyze the melon production comparative advantages in 31 provinces （cities） in China.And the spatial patterns of comparative advantages were draw by using GIS software.Result]Eleven provinces viz.,Xinjiang,Heilongjiang,Jilin,Shandong,Henan,Inner Mongolia,Liaoning,Jiangsu,Hubei,Hunan and Shanghai in sequence were the melon production advantage area all over the country.Northeast and Central China were the comprehensive comparative advantage regions of melon production,while East China,North China,Northwest and Southern China could be considered as the potential developing regions of melon production in future.The comparative advantages of melon production in Southwest China enhanced constantly being priority development of melon industry in melons production in recent years.Conclusion]The melon production in different areas of China still need to strengthen the development of scale and agglomeration effects.In addition,the regional advantage layout of melon industry should be further optimized to fully coordinate melon production,achieve inter-regional and seasonal balance,improve the specialization level of m