非水溶剂电还原制取重稀土金属及合金的研究现状及发展

随着重稀土元素对铝、镁、铜、镍及钢铁等金属材料的功能化作用被广泛关注，使得作为战略性资源的重稀土元素在金属合金材料的应用领域拓展空间巨大.在此背景下，作为改性元素的重稀土金属及合金的市场需求必然猛增.由于重稀土单质自身的高熔点，混熔法、真空热还原法一直是生产制备重稀土金属及合金的主要方法，寻求一条低成本、高效、绿色的制备方法则至关重要.由于熔盐电化学还原法在生产低熔点轻稀土及合金工艺方面具有经济、高效等优势，近年来，通过熔盐电解方式直接制取低熔点的重稀土合金成为国内外学者研究的热点，从目前取得进展来看，具有广阔的发展前景.针对国内外重稀土金属及合金的熔盐电解法制取的研究现状进行了评述，从体系物理化学性质、电极过程机理、模拟计算等几个方面做了简要的总结和分析，以期对重稀土合金材料的制备研究提供有益的帮助. 

Research status and development prospect of preparation for heavy rare earth metals and alloys by electroreduction in nonaqueous solvent

With the extensive functionalization of heavy rare earth elements on metal materials such as aluminum, magnesium, copper, nickel and steel, the heavy rare earth elements as strategic resources have expanded in the application field of metal alloy materials. In this context, the market demand for heavy rare earth metals and alloys as modifying elements is bound to increase dramatically. Due to the high melting point of the heavy rare earth element itself, the co-melting method and the vacuum heat reduction method have been the main methods for producing heavy rare earth metals and alloys. It is essential to find a low-cost, high-efficiency, green preparation method. Due to the economical and high-efficiency of the molten salt electrochemical reduction process in the production of low melting point light rare earth and alloy processes, in recent years, the direct preparation of low melting point heavy rare earth alloy by molten salt electrolysis has become a hot research topic at home and abroad. Looking at the progress, it has broad prospects for development. The research status of the preparation of molten rare earth metals and alloys by molten salt electrolysis was reviewed. The physical and chemical properties, electrode process mechanism and simulation calculations were summarized and analyzed in order to compare the heavy rare earth alloys. The preparation of materials provides useful help.