三峡库首地区移民安置区不同利用方式土壤肥力和土地生产力调查

三峡工程蓄水、移民搬迁及土地利用方式改变将对库首地区土壤肥力、土地生产力和当地农业生产活动产生长期潜在影响。本研究对移民安置期间三峡库首地区秭归、兴山、巴东和夷陵等县区农田、果园和茶园3种利用方式的85个样点土壤的肥力状况进行了采样调查,并对当地土地生产力和移民经济收入状况等进行了统计分析。结果表明:三峡工程蓄水后,库首地区农田土壤肥力水平较高,果园土壤其次,而茶园土壤肥力水平偏低;在蓄水和移民搬迁同时,当地加大农业投入,尤其是加大果园和茶园的肥料投入,以保证农业生产发展需求;受蓄水和移民搬迁影响,库首地区3县粮食总产和单产均有所降低,其中秭归县受到影响较大,但库首各县的粮食生产在三峡蓄水后总体保持稳定;库首地区各县,尤其是秭归县的柑橘和蔬菜种植面积和产量保持逐年提高趋势,该地区的优势产业保持稳步发展,土地生产力未受到明显影响;柑橘经济效益显著高于茶园和农作物,移民安置期间,秭归、兴山县人均纯收入保持逐年上升态势,库首地区农村的经济水平保持稳步增长。

Survey on soil fertility and productivity under different land use patterns in resettlement region in the head part of the Three Gorges Reservoir

Water storage of the Three Gorges Project (TGP), immigration resettlement and changes of land use pattern may have long-term potential impacts on soil fertility, land productivity and agricultural production development in the head part area of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). Based on these backgrounds, 85 soil samples of three typical land use patterns (farmland, orchard and tea garden) in the rural regions of Ziui, Xingshan and Badong counties were analyzed, and local land productivity and economic status in the head part of the TGR were also investigated. The results were as follow: After water storage of the TGP, The fertility of farmland soil was relatively high, followed by orchard soil, but tea garden soil was relatively low; To meet the demand for development of agricultural production, local agricultural input increased, especially fertilizer input into orchard and tea garden; Yield and per unit area yield of grain decreased during water storage of the TGP and immigration resettlement, especially in Zuigui country, but grain production in the head part area of the TGR kept steady; Planting areas and yields of citrus and vegetable in three counties in the head part area of the TGR increased year by year, superior industries and land productivities were not impacted significantly; Economic benefit of citrus industry was significant higher than those of tea and crop, per capita net incomes of Zigui and Xingshan countries increased year by year, economic level in the head part area of the TGR kept steady growth.