遗产旅游地居民的地方认同——“碉乡”符号、记忆与空间

文化地理学者对“地方”这一理论视角主观性意义的强调,使得“地方认同”等呈现人与地方情感联系的概念被重新审视。在当今中国申遗热的背景下,当地人的地方认同在各方力量对遗产归属与表述的争夺中重塑,如果将这种重塑放在多尺度的分析框架下,就可以发现地方认同不仅仅局限于某一特定封闭的地点,在本土、全国以及跨国空间中呈现不同的表述。开平碉楼与村落作为广东首个世界文化遗产,并且是中国唯一以华侨文化为主题的世界文化遗产,是研究遗产生产对地方认同变迁影响的典型案例。结合文献分析、观察法与访谈法等,阐述遗产旅游发展背景下当地居民的地方认同变迁,分析开平作为“碉乡”的具体内涵。研究发现：遗产申报和维护使碉楼被硬性确立为地方的象征,具有高度符号化的特点;“碉乡”形象在居民地方认同中的展开并不完整;“碉乡”在历史延续中存在着多重割裂;“碉乡”的空间边界既明确又封闭。

Residents' place identity at heritage sites: Symbols,memories and space of the "Home of Diaolou"

Human geography puts emphasis on the subjectivity of "place". Thus, concepts showing emotional connections between people and place, such as "place identity", are reexamined. In the context of tourism development, all parties scramble for the ownership and presentation of heritages. Therefore, place identity of local people is reconstructed. As the first World Cultural Heritage in Guangdong Province, and the only one World Heritage theming overseas Chinese culture in China, Kaiping Diaolou and Villages is a typical case for the study of "impacts of tourism development on vicissitudes of place identity". Upon literature analysis, observations and interviews, this paper elaborates on the vicissitudes of residents’ place identity under the development of heritage tourism, and analyses the specific connotations that Kaiping -- "home of Diaolou" carries. Findings show that production of landscape in tourism industry makes Diaolou highly symbolic, and obligatorily as an emblem of the place. Besides, image of the "home of Diaolou" is not fully unfolded in the place identity of residents, and that presentation of Diaolou is transforming from inheritance to heritage. For "home of Diaolou", the historic continuity is multiply dissevered, while the spatial boundary is clear and closed.