AHP-模糊综合评价法在茶马沟矿山地质及生态环境修复治理中的应用与实践

为了定量分析矿山地质环境的影响因素，针对突出矿山地质灾害问题，提出合理性的治理建议和保护措施。以青海省乐都区茶马沟石英岩矿为例，通过实地地质调查，结合开采、遥感及其他数据，采用层次分析法搭建层级结构模型，使用MATLAB计算每个指标权重值，通过模糊综合评价法对评价样本进行计算及综合评价，最终借助ArcGIS对矿区进行网格化处理分区。结果显示，茶马沟矿区地质灾害主要为存在不稳定斜坡、含水层破坏、地形地貌景观破坏、土地资源破坏、水土环境污染，其中不稳定斜坡发育程度大，危害程度高、危险性大，土地资源的破坏和影响程度较大。矿区综合权重的模糊综合评价结果等级为Ⅱ级(较严重),矿山地质环境严重区(Ⅰ)面积约6.4 hm²,较严重区(Ⅱ)面积约14.56 hm²,较轻区(Ⅲ)面积约18.24 hm²。根据评价及分区模型，对茶马沟矿山地质环境问题提出合理建议，进行了有效的土地恢复治理与生态修复工程，力争实现矿山区域范围内经济、社会、生态和谐可持续发展。

Application and practice of AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in geological and ecological environment restoration of Chamagou mine

To conduct the quantitative analysis of the factors that impact the mining geological environment and address prominent issues of geological hazards in mines, rational remediation proposals and protective measures are proposed. Taking the quartzite mine in Chamagou, Ledu District, Qinghai Province as an example, a hierarchical structure model is built using the analytic hierarchy process based on field geological investigations, mining, remote sensing, and other data. MATLAB is used to calculate the weight value of each index, and then the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is utilized to evaluate and synthesize the evaluation samples. Finally, ArcGIS is used to classify and process the mineral area into a grid form. The main geological hazards in the Chamagou mining area include unstable slopes, aquifer damage, topography, and landscape damage, destruction of land resources, and water and soil environmental pollution. Among them, the development degree of unstable slopes is high, with a high degree of harm and danger, and the degree of damage and impact on land resources is relatively large. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation result of the comprehensive weight of the mining area is level II (relatively serious), and the area of the seriously affected zone (I) is about 6.4 hm2, the area of the relatively serious zone (II) is about 14.56 hm2, and the area of the relatively light zone (III) is about 18.24 hm2. Based on the evaluation and zoning model, reasonable suggestions have been proposed for the geological and environmental problems of the Chamagou mining area, and effective land restoration and ecological restoration projects have been carried out to strive for the sustainable development of economic, social and ecological harmony within the mining area.