Characteristics of nanocrystalline CdS films fabricated by sonochemical, microwave and solution growth methods for solar cell applications |
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Authors: | V P Singh R S Singh G W Thompson V Jayaraman S Sanagapalli V K Rangari |
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Affiliation: | a Center for Micro-magnetic and Electronic Devices (CMMED), Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA;b Center for Advanced Materials, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA |
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Abstract: | Nanocrystalline CdS was synthesized by sonochemical and microwave methods. Characterization of nano-CdS was carried out by optical absorption, X-ray diffraction, TEM, SEM and EDX. A hyperbolic band model was used to calculate a shift in energy over that of the band gap of bulk CdS. Colloidal films comprising of nanocrystalline CdS were fabricated by the dip coating method. A comparison of optical absorption of CdS films on indium tin oxide (ITO)/glass by sonochemical and microwave methods was made with solution grown CdS films on ITO/glass. A blue shift in energy level at the nanoscale is demonstrated by optical absorption, and X-ray diffraction of nano-CdS shows a cubic structure. Electron microscopy studies with an FE-SEM and TEM show a particle size of 15 nm and diffraction patterns show a crystalline nature. Overall reduction in optical absorption due to blue shift is expected to result in higher performance, especially in short-circuit currents in CdS/CdTe solar cells. |
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Keywords: | Nanocrystalline CdS Sonochemical method Microwave method Solution growth |
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