钽铌湿法冶金技术概况及发展趋势探讨

介绍了钽铌湿法冶金技术的发展概况和现状。根据分解介质的不同,钽铌湿法治金技术可分为碱熔融法、酸法和氯化法,碱熔融法可分为钠碱熔融法和钾碱熔融法,酸法主要有氢氟酸法和硫酸法。分别介绍了以上各方法的工艺路线,并对其优缺点进行了分析。针对现行氢氟酸工艺存在严重氟污染和对低品位钽铌矿分解率低的问题,依据清洁冶金原理,提出了钽铌亚熔盐清洁冶金新工艺,从生产源头消除了氟污染,可实现钽铌资源的高效清洁利用,具有良好的应用前景。

Technology survey and development tendency investigation on tantalum-niobium hydrometallurgical extraction

The developments and current situation of tantalum-niobium hydrometallurgical extraction are presented.According to different decompositive medium,the tantalum-niobium hydrometallurgical extraction process can be classified as alkali fusion decomposition process,which mainly involves the sodium alkali fusion decomposition process and potassium alkali fusion decomposition process,while the acid decomposition process involving the hydrofluoric acid process and sulfuric acid process,and chlorination process.The principle of these process mentioned above is introduced respectively,and its merits and demerits are analyzed.At present,most minerals containing niobium and tantalum are decomposed by the hydrofluoric acid process.However,such a treating approach brings serious fluorin pollution to human beings and environment,and it is hard to decompose the refractory niobium-tantalum ore.With an objective to eliminate the fluorin pollution at the source,a new process for leaching the low-grade niobium-tantalum ore with alkali metals sub-molten salt is proposed.In the new process,alkali metals sub-molten salt is used as reaction medium to substitute the highly concentrated and toxic hydrogen fluoride solution of the traditional hydrofluoric acid process.And the clean conversion of niobium-tantalum ore is expected to be achieved.