342例药物不良反应/事件报告分析及其预防措施的探讨

目的研究和分析本院药品不良反应/事件（ADR/ADE）发生特点及引发的相关因素,促进临床合理用药。方法选用回顾性研究方法,对本院2010～2011年收集和上报的342例ADR/ADE报告资料分别从患者性别、年龄、引发ADR/ADE药品种类、给药途径及临床表现等方面进行统计分析。结果 342例ADR/ADE报告中,女性发生率高于男性;51～81岁患者ADR发生率最高（55.85%）,0～17岁的儿童占15.50%;涉及药物品种41种,以抗感染药居首位（69.01%）,其次为中药注射剂（18.72%）;ADR/ADE最为常见的临床表现在皮肤及其附件损害（28.36%）;给药途径以静脉滴注所占比例最大（300例,87.72%）。结论应合理使用抗感染药物及中药注射剂,重视分析ADR/ADE报告资料并将信息及时反馈给临床,避免或减少ADR重复发生,确保临床用药的合理性和安全性。

Analysis on 342 repors and discssion about the methods of prevention with adverse drug reactions/events

Objective To study and analyze the characterstics and rules of adverse drug reactions/event(ADR/ADE) for rational use in clinic.Methods A total of 342 ADR/ADE reports in our hospital collected from 2010 to 2011 were described and analyzed retrospectively in respect of patient gender,age,drug categories and clinical manifestation,ect..Results In 342 ADR/ADE cases,females were more than males;Patients between 51 to 81 years old age accounted for 55.85% in the first place,children between 0 to 17 years old age accounted for 15.50%;The drugs that induced ADR/ADE totaled 41 kinds,with anti-infectives showing the highest proportion(69.01%),followed by traditional Chinese medicine injection(18.72%);The main manifestation of the ADR/ADE was lesions of skin and its appendages(28.36%);Route of administration by intravenous infusion were accounted for the largest proportion(87.72%).Conclusion Anti-infective drugs and traditional Chinese medicine injection should be used rationally.Attach importance to the analysis of ADR/ADE data and information timely feedback to the clinical,to avoid or decrease repeat occurrence of ADR/ADE,so as to ensure the rational clinical drugs application and safety.