国际荒野地保护实践评析：基于荒野制图、系统性与连通性的视角

在生物多样性丧失和气候变化的双重背景下,荒野地保护实践变得越来越重要。从荒野制图、系统性与连通性3个视角切入,评析国际荒野地保护实践。包括:1)以苏格兰为例,评析基于荒野制图的荒野地保护实践,指出荒野地图是开展荒野地保护实践的基础,并需要将地图与政策紧密结合;2)以美国国家荒野保护体系(National Wilderness Preservation System)和欧洲荒野网络(European Wilderness Network)为例,评析荒野地的系统性保护实践,指出只有建立系统性的荒野地保护机制,才能确保荒野地保护的有效性和长久性;3)以北美野地网络(Wildlands Network)为例,评析荒野地的连通性保护实践,指出在景观破碎化的区域中,荒野地连通性保护对于维持生态过程具有重要意义。在荒野地保护实践中,荒野制图、系统性保护和连通性保护是3个重要的视角,对中国国土空间规划、国家公园与自然保护地体系建设、生态网络构建等生态实践具有启发意义。

Research on the International WildernessConservation Practices: From the Perspectivesof Wilderness Mapping, Systematic Conservationand Connectivity Conservation

In the background of biodiversity loss and climatechange, wilderness conservation is becoming increasinglyimportant. This paper analyzes the international wildernessconservation practices from three perspectives includingwilderness mapping, systematic conservation and connectivityconservation. The research includes: 1) Taking Scotland asan example, this paper analyzes the wilderness conservationpractice which is based on wilderness mapping, pointingout that the wilderness map is the basis of wildernessconservation, and it is necessary to closely integrate maps andpolicies; 2) Taking the US National Wilderness PreservationSystem and European Wilderness Network as examples,this paper analyzes the systematic wilderness conservation,and points out that only by establishing a system ofwilderness conservation mechanisms can wilderness areasbe effectively and permanently protected; 3) Taking the NorthAmerican Wildlands Network as an example, this paper analyzesthe connectivity conservation of wilderness areas, pointing outthe importance of connectivity conservation to maintaining theecological process in the context of landscape fragmentation. Insummary, wilderness mapping, systematic conservation, andconnectivity conservation are three important perspectivesin wilderness conservation practices, which have importantimplications for China''s ecological practices includingspatial planning, national parks and protected areas, andecological networks.