心理健康教育对北京市养老机构老年人的干预效果及其影响因素

目的 评估心理健康教育对北京市养老机构老年人的干预效果及其影响因素。方法 采用自身前后对照的社区干预试验设计，通过两阶段方法筛选符合纳入排除标准的老年人作为研究对象，由专业人员对老年人提供为期半年的心理健康教育。在干预前后利用量表收集研究对象一般人口学资料、抑郁症状、焦虑症状、失眠症状和认知障碍情况，分析干预有效率、量表得分变化，以及影响干预效果的相关因素。结果 来自北京市30家养老机构的620名老年人纳入分析，平均年龄(77.92±9.79)岁，男性占比50.5%。与干预前相比，心理健康教育干预后北京市养老机构老年人抑郁、失眠、焦虑、认知障碍量表总分显著下降(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、年龄、个人月收入水平、受教育程度以及慢性病患病情况是影响心理健康教育干预无效的相关因素(P<0.05)。结论 心理健康教育可以有效改善北京市养老机构老年人的心理健康水平。未来还需要有针对性地采取个性化的心理健康教育进一步改善养老机构老年人的心理健康状况和生活质量。

Effect and associated factors of mental health education on the elderly in endowment institutions in Beijing

Objective To evaluate the effect and associated factors of mental health education on elderly people who lived in endowment institutions in Beijing. Methods A self-controlled community experimental design was adopted, and the elderly who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected through a two-stage selection process. The mental health educations were carried out by professionally psychological service staff for a half year. The demographic data were collected, and the depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, insomnia symptoms, and cognitive disorders were assessed with scales before and after the interventions. The response rates, changes of the total scores and the associated factors of the effect were analyzed. Results Totally, 620 elderly people from 30 endowment institutions were included in the analysis. The average age was (77.92±9.79) years old, and 50.5% were men. The total scores of the depression, insomnia, anxiety and cognitive impairment scales were significantly decreased after the interventions (P <0.05). The multivariate Logistic regressions showed that gender, age group, personal monthly income, education level and chronic diseases were significantly associated with the effect of the mental health educations (P<0.05). Conclusion The mental health educations could effectively improve the mental health status of the elderly in the endowment institutions in Beijing. According to the characteristics of the elderly, personalized mental health educations should be adopted to further improve the mental health status and quality of life in the future.