性激素在近视发生发展中的作用机制研究进展

近年来，近视发病率逐年增高，近视发病存在显著的性别差异即女性更容易患近视并且近视进展更快，近视的临床表现也存在性别差异。近视发病存在的性别差异可能与性激素有关，性激素影响角膜的厚度和生物力学，与圆锥角膜进展显著相关，青春期性激素水平波动大，性激素影响青少年近视的发生发展。性激素通过其受体发挥作用，性激素受体在人眼中广泛存在，在角膜各层次均有分布。目前对性激素在近视发生发展中的作用机制研究主要聚焦于转化生长因子-β信号通路和基质金属蛋白酶两方面，因此本文将对此进行综述。

Research progress on the mechanism of sex hormone in the occurrence and development of myopia

Myopia is now more common than ever, and there is a noticeable gender difference in myopia prevalence; women are more likely to have myopia, and it worsens more quickly in women. Additionally, there are gender disparities in the clinical signs of myopia. Sex hormones may influence the thickness and biomechanics of the cornea, and are significantly correlated with the progression of keratoconus. The sex hormone level fluctuates greatly during adolescence, which has an impact on how often myopia occurs and how it develops. Sex hormones work by way of their receptors, which are widely dispersed throughout the human eye and at all levels of the cornea. At present, the research on the mechanism of sex hormones in the occurrence and development of myopia focuses on transforming growth factor-β signaling pathway and matrix metalloproteinase, so this review will focus on this issue.