企业最优技术创新模式选择研究

根据熊彼特关于"创新是‘新的生产函数的建立’,即‘企业家对生产要素之新的整合’"这一经典定义,构建了创新绩效函数W_i=F_i(X_1,X_2,……X_n),其中(X_1,X_2,……X_n)为企业拥有的n个创新要素,W_i为创新绩效。本文研究(1)发现在创新绩效函数中,F_i为(X_1,X_2,……X_n)的整合方式,表示在企业各种创新要素保持不变的情况下,只对这些要素进行不同整合就会为企业带来不同创新绩效,而技术创新模式正是对创新要素进行整合的方式,因此F_i即是技术创新模式。(2)提出如何选择企业最优技术创新模式的原理,即在企业(X_1,X_2,……X_n)不变条件下,能为企业带来最大创新绩效W~*的技术创新模式,就是该企业最优技术创新模式F~*_i。由于F~*_i具体关系式不易清晰界定,故本文将F~*_i的求解过程视为一个黑箱,对其进行了整体拟合。(3)根据最优创新模式选择原理,在建立并评价X、Y、Z、W、F_i的基础上,构建了企业最优技术创新模式选择模型。(4)收集川酒企业样本数据,实证分析川酒企业最优技术创新模式选择过程。

A research on selection of the technology innovation mode of enterprises

Technological innovation is not only the main source of economic growth, but also an important way for enterprises to improve performance and gain competitive advantage. However, with the accelerated development of global economic integration in the 21st century, the complexity of the innovation environment and the dynamics of market changes are increasing day by day. The previous closed and inefficient innovation model is becoming more and more difficult to meet the needs of innovation and development. How to choose a scientific and effective innovation mode has become a problem that people pay more and more attention to. Therefore, the academic circles have done a lot of research on the relationship between innovation model and innovation performance. It shows that the innovation mode is the core strategy of the enterprise, and the choice of innovation mode is the key factor to determine the performance. Previous studies mainly focused on the classification method of innovation mode, influencing factors of mode selection, the choice of innovation mode for different types of enterprises, the selection method and path of innovation mode and so on. But previous researches have mainly investigated the influence of a single factor on the choice of innovation mode, with a lack of systematic and in-depth research on the selection mechanism of innovation mode under the joint action of many factors. And there is no reasonable functional relationship to describe the decisive effect of factor combination on performance. Accordingly, based on the classic definition of Schumpeter′s that innovation is the establishment of new production function, namely the new integration of production factors by entrepreneurs, this paper constructs an innovation performance function Wi= Fi (X1, X2, ……Xn) to systematically study the principles and methods of selecting the optimal technological innovation mode of enterprises. This function integrates three key variables, namely, innovation performance (Wi), innovation model (Fi) and innovation elements (X1, X2, ……Xn), which determine the choice of enterprise technological innovation mode in the same functional framework. What′s more, we take Sichuan Baijiu enterprises as a sample. By constructing the evaluation index system of technological innovation related variables and the selection model of innovation mode, we empirically analyze the selection process of optimal innovation mode of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises.The following findings are obtained in this paper. Firstly, we put forward the innovation mode to integrate the innovation elements and get the principle of innovation performance. The innovation performance function, in which Fi is the integration relation equation about (X1, X2, ……Xn), shows that when all kinds of innovation elements of an enterprise remain unchanged, different integration of these elements will bring different innovation performance to the enterprise. The mode of technological innovation is the way to integrate the elements of innovation, so Fi is the technological innovation mode. Secondly, the principle of solving the optimal technological innovation model of enterprises is obtained. When the enterprise innovation elements (X1, X2, ……Xn) are established under the condition of values, enterprise technology innovation mode of F*i that can bring the biggest innovation performance W* should be considered as the optimal technological innovation mode. Generally speaking, function fitting needs that we assume the function model in advance, but in fact, there are often too many factors that affect the choice of innovation mode, so we couldn′t use the specific function relationship to describe the optimal integration function F*i. As the specific relation equation of F*i is difficult to clearly defined, the solution process of Fi in this paper is regarded as a black box system, only focusing on the final results of the optimal innovation model rather than the specific solving process. The optimal innovation model is found by fitting the sample data. Thirdly, a three-dimensional spatial structure model for solving the optimal innovation model of enterprises is established. In order to reflect the complex systematic characteristics, based on the perspective of the organizational boundary of the enterprise, we divide the innovation elements (X1, X2 …… Xn) into three dimensions, that is, internal innovation resource input (X), internal innovation capability (Y) and enterprise external innovation environment (Z). Then the innovation performance function is changed to Wi= Fi (X, Y, Z). At the same time, the three-dimensional spatial structure model is established with X, Y, Z as the coordinate axis. Fourthly, this paper systematically discusses the specific fitting method of the optimal technological innovation model F*i of sample enterprises. That is, in order to fit the function F*i, it is necessary to collect a sufficient number of sample enterprise data (X, Y, Z, Wi, Fi), and then divide enterprises into different spatial areas K (K=1, 2, …… m) according to the different levels of their innovation elements, based on the concepts of "strength" and "grading". In other words, enterprises with the same level of innovation elements are in the same space area. In this way, as the innovation elements are the same in each region, as long as the innovation performance Wi, brought by different innovation models Fi, is compared, the F*i that brings the greatest innovation performance is the optimal innovation model of enterprises in this region. And so on, as long as we find out the optimal innovation model of each region, we can get a complete selection model of the optimal technological innovation model. According to the optimal innovation mode selection model of an enterprise, as long as the level of innovation elements of an enterprise is evaluated and the corresponding space area is found, the optimal innovation model of the enterprise can be found. Finally, according to this model, 286 sample technological innovation data of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises were collected. At the same time, the evaluation index system of selecting related variables (X, Y, Z, Wi, Fi) for technological innovation mode of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises was established. Through the evaluation of the sample enterprises, we construct the selection model of the optimal technological innovation model of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises, and then empirically analyze the selection process of the optimal technological innovation mode of Sichuan Baijiu enterprises.At the end of this paper, the research contents are summarized, and the following improvement suggestions are put forward. First of all, innovation performance is the standard to measure the advantages and disadvantages of technological innovation model. By using the optimal technological innovation mode selection model constructed in this paper, it is more convenient to find the optimal technological innovation model of the target enterprise. However, the solution method is based on the "fitting" method, it must be supported by enough enterprise sample data. The establishment and improvement of enterprise technological innovation database is helpful for enterprises to find the optimal innovation model and then obtain the best innovation performance. In addition, the solving principle of enterprise optimal innovation mode in this paper can effectively enhance the fitting effect of optimal innovation model F*i and improve the accuracy of optimal innovation mode selection by perfecting and optimizing the evaluation index system of relevant variables (X, Y, Z, Wi, Fi). Last but not the least, enterprise technological innovation and its mode choice is a dynamic process. If the conditions of the internal and external factors of the enterprise change, the previous optimal innovation model may not be the present optimal. Therefore, the optimal technological innovation model of enterprises must be re-selected according to the changed factors and conditions.