Neotectonics and Quaternary geology of the Hunter Mountain fault zone and Saline Valley region,southeastern California |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain shams University, Egypt;2. Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI), Cairo, Egypt;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt;4. Department of Industrial Biotechnology, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City, Egypt;5. School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia;1. Department of Physics, Kamla Nehru Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, India;2. Department of Physics, RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India;1. Denver Museum of Nature and Science, 2001 Colorado Boulevard, Denver, CO 80205, USA;2. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, MS-980, Denver, CO 80225, USA;3. School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA;4. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Box 37012, MRC 106, Washington, DC 20013, USA;5. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, MS-974, Denver, CO 80225, USA;6. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA;7. School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, Queen''s University Belfast, BT7 1NN Belfast, UK;8. Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;9. Rocky Mountain Tree-Ring Research, 2901 Moore Lane, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;10. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, 1100 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;11. Geography Department, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK;12. University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology, 1109 Geddes Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;13. Department of Geography, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;14. Department of Botany, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;15. Southwest Climate Science Center, Institute of the Environment, University of Arizona, 715N. Park Ave., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;p. Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain;q. Department of Geology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA;r. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, and Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;s. Museum Management Program, National Park Service, 1201 Oakridge Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA;t. Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;u. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Box 25046, MS-963, Denver, CO 80225, USA;v. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA;w. Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA;x. Centre for Marine Futures, Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, M470 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia;y. San Bernardino County Museum, 2024 Orange Tree Lane, Redlands, CA 92374, USA;z. Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA;11. Aeon Laboratories, LLC, 5835 N Genematas Drive, Tucson, AZ 85704, USA |
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| Abstract: | The Hunter Mountain fault zone strikes northwesterly, is right-lateral strike-slip, and kinematically links the northern Panamint Valley fault zone to the southern Saline Valley fault zone. The most recent displacement of the fault is recorded in the offset of Holocene deposits along the entire length of the fault zone. Right-lateral offsets of drainage channels within Grapevine Canyon reach up to 50 to 60 m. Initial incision of the offset channels is interpreted on the basis of geomorphic and climatic considerations to have occurred approximately 15 ka. The 50 to 60 m of offset during 15 ka corresponds to a right-lateral fault slip rate of 3.3–4.0 mm/year within Grapevine Canyon. Further to the north along the Nelson Range front, the fault is composed of two sub-parallel fault strands and the fault begins to show an increased normal component of motion. A channel margin that is incised into a Holocene surface that is between 10 and 128 ka in age is offset 16–20 m, which yields a broad minimum bound on the lateral slip rate of 0.125–2.0 mm/year. The best preserved single-event displacements recorded in Holocene deposits range from 1.5 to 2.5 m. In addition to faulting within Grapevine Canyon and the main rangefront fault along the southwest edge of Saline Valley, there also exist normal fault strands within the Valley that strike northeasterly and towards Eureka Valley. The northeasterly striking normal faults in the Valley appear to be actively transferring dextral slip from the Hunter Mountain fault zone north and east onto the Furnace Creek fault zone. Separations on northerly trending, normal faults within Saline Valley yield estimates of slip rates in the hundredths of millimeters per year. |
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