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Development of a hydrogen impurity analyzer based on mobile-gas chromatography for online hydrogen fuel monitoring

Affiliation:	1. Greenhouse Gas Metrology Team, Korea Research Institute of Standard and Science (KRISS) 267, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU) 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Measurement Science, University of Science and Technology (UST) 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea;4. GnL Co., Ltd. 20-62, Yuseong-daero 1312beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34103, Republic of Korea

Abstract:	Hydrogen is an excellent alternative energy source, particularly for vehicles. Despite the expansion of a considerable number of infrastructures, such as hydrogen refueling stations, there is a lack of efficient inspection methods for monitoring the hydrogen fuel quality. In this study, a hydrogen impurity analyzer (HIA) based on mobile gas chromatography with a thermal conductivity detector is developed and evaluated for the quality assurance of hydrogen fuel. Accordingly, O₂, N₂, and Ar which help in monitoring air leaks at hydrogen refueling stations, and CH₄, which can also be detected by HIA, are selected as target impurities. The HIA reached limits of detection of 2.93, 0.72, 0.84, and 1.54 μmol/mol for O₂, Ar, N₂, and CH₄, respectively. Moreover, the ISO 14687 requirements are satisfied with respective HIA expanded uncertainties of 2.6, 8.7, 8.2, and 9.4% (coverage factor k = 2). The developed system is ISO-compliant and offers enhanced mobility for online inspections.

Keywords:	Hydrogen fuel quality Hydrogen impurity analyzer Online monitoring Mobile gas chromatography Hydrogen impurity enrichment device PEM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"proton exchange membrane GC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0050"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"gas chromatograph TCD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"thermal conductivity detector PDHID"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0070"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"pulsed discharge helium ionization detector FID"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0080"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"flame ionization detector LD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0090"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Limit of detection HIA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0100"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"hydrogen impurity analyzer MGT"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0110"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"mobile-GC/TCD HIED"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0120"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"hydrogen impurity enrichment device MEF"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0130"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"measured enrichment factor EEF"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0140"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"estimated enrichment factor HIRM"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kwrd0150"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"hydrogen impurity reference material
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