农村居民食源性疾病的影响分析及风险干预策略

从农村居民食品安全认知和消费行为变化的视角，研究农民产生食源性疾病（包括食物中毒）的健康风险影响因素，并提出风险干预策略。文章通过对8省市602户农村居民的问卷调查表明，农村居民对于食品安全法、政府监管的新举措和食品标签标识有基本认知，近3年餐饮消费有明显增加趋势，肉禽类食品和蔬菜需要依靠市场供给的农户超过9成。进一步对影响农村居民健康的因素进行计量结果表明，有显著影响的5个变量分别是：女性比例、年龄结构、包装材料安全性、企业的信誉、不安全食品处理方式，其中企业的信誉呈负相关关系，其余为正相关。为此提出三点风险干预策略：第一加强农村食品流通市场的监管；第二加强对农村的妇女儿童和老年人的食品安全自我保护意识和风险认知教育；第三改善和提高农村医疗服务水平，提高农民的资源可及性。

Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Food Born Disease of Rural Residents and the Risk Intervention Measures

From the perspective of food safety cognition of rural residents, this paper studied the effects of the health risks about food born disease including f＇ood poisoning and advanced risk intervention measures. By the interview of rural residents fi-om 8 provinces 6（12 households, the rural residents had basic cognition about tbod satbty law. new measures of governmental regulation and fbod label identification. P,,ecent three years, the consumption on restaurant increased and more than 90＂/, respondents got vegetables and meat from market. Further, based on the metric results, there were five variables had distinct int]uence. They were sex ratio, age structure, the importance of packing material and business standing, the method of dealing with unsafe food. The importance of business standing had negative effect and otbers had positive effect. Based on the analysis, the paper advanced following intervention measures. Firstly, strengthen the supervision of food circulating market. Secondly, enhance the education of self-preservation to children and women Thirdly, improve the medical service level and make rural residents get medical resources more easily.