“十二五”太湖富营养化控制与治理研究思路及重点

在总结“十一五”太湖富营养化治理成效、存在问题的基础上,提出“十二五”期间水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项太湖富营养化控制与治理项目的总体设计思路. 项目以综合示范区水质改善为目标,重点研发园区化乡镇企业工业废水中难降解含氮、磷有机物的深度削减技术,农田种植业和农村分散式生活污水的控源减排技术,“湖荡湿地-入湖河流-湖滨缓冲带”为一体的生态拦截与修复技术；以湖泊水生态安全保障为目标,研发湖泛与水华灾害应急处置技术及建立水资源优化调度决策平台. 选择太湖流域重污染型竺山湾小流域、面源污染主控型苕溪小流域和城市化型太湖新城三大典型综合示范区,通过控源减排和生态修复关键技术的研发、集成和综合实施,实现综合示范区污染负荷得到有效控制、示范区水环境质量得到改善和规模化蓝藻水华发生得到有效控制的目标. 

Research System Design for Eutrophication Control and Management of Taihu Lake during the 12th Five-Year Plan

Based on an analysis of water environmental problems, a system design and key tasks for eutrophication control and management of Taihu Lake during the 12th Five-Year Plan was proposed. The project mainly focused on three typical comprehensive demonstration regions:the Zhushanwan catchment (characterized by heavy contamination), the Tiaoxi catchment (controlled by non-point source pollution), and the Taihu Xincheng (characterized as an urbanized lake area). To improve the water quality in the main comprehensive demonstration regions, scientists and local officials devoted multiple efforts towards eutrophication control, including breakthroughs on technologies for reducing pollution loading from refractory industrial wastewater, crop cultivation with indiscriminate use of fertilizers, and rural decentralized sewage; studying the integrated technology for ecological restoration for the “wetlands-rivers-lake-littoral zone”; developing disposal technology for emergency black water aggregation and algal bloom incidents; as well as building up an optimal decision-making system related to water resources. Point and non-point source pollutants have been effectively controlled, and after the integrated technologies of pollution source control and ecological restoration are implemented in the core demonstration regions in Taihu Lake basin, the extensive algal bloom will be controlled by the year 2015.