干旱、半干旱地区蒙古扁桃种子萌发对土壤水分和播种深度的响应特征

蒙古扁桃种子在4%~16%的各含水量条件下, 出苗率高达96%~98%且差异不显著(P>0.05), 在4%~13%的土壤含水量下, 发芽指数、活力指数、平均出苗日数极显著高于16%含水量下的值(P<0.01), 其种子萌发最适宜的土壤含水量为4%~13%. 随土壤含水量的升高, 苗高增加, 根冠比和壮苗指数降低, 根长、幼苗生长量、干物质积累量先升高后降低, 幼苗生长最适宜的土壤含水量为7%~16%; 较低的土壤水分下可以提高幼苗的抗旱性, 有利于培育壮苗. 随播种深度的增加, 出苗率下降, 平均出苗日数增加, 出苗速率放缓, 保证全苗的最适宜播深为0~1 cm, 保证壮苗的最适宜播深为1~3 cm. 种子萌发形成的幼苗为子叶留土型双子叶植物幼苗.

The response characteristics of germination of Prunus mongolica seed to soil moisture and sowing depth in the arid and semi-arid regions

The seed germination rate of Prunus mongolica is up to 96%-98% when soil moisture content varies in between 4%-16%, without significant difference (P>0.05); when soil moisture content in between 4%-13%, germination index, vigor index, days of average emergence are significantly higher than that of 16% (P<0.01), and the most suitable soil moisture for the seed germination is from 4% to 13%; with increase of soil moisture, the height of seedling will increase, but the root shoot ratio and the sound seedling index will decrease, root length, seedling growth and dry matter accumulation will increase first and then decrease; the most suitable soil moisture content for seedling growth is 7%-16%; seedling drought resistance can be improved by lower soil moisture and be good for nurturing seedlings; with increasing of sowing depth, germination rate will decrease and the average days of emergence will increase and the rate of mergence will slow down; the most suitable sowing depth is 0 to 1 cm for ensuring full stand and 1-3 cm for sound seedling. The germinated seedling is dicotyledonous seedling of hypogeal germination.