医疗放射工作人员淋巴细胞微核水平影响因素分析

目的 分析医疗放射工作人员外周血淋巴细胞微核水平，为放射防护提供依据，以减少电离辐射引起的职业危害。方法 选取1 072名放射工作人员为研究对象（放射组），以岗前职业健康体检拟从事放射工作的329名健康成年人为对照组，采用微量全血法测定外周血淋巴细胞微核率并分析检测结果。结果 放射组微核细胞率和微核率与对照组比较，差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05），放射组微核异常检出率高于对照组（P < 0.001）；女性放射工作人员微核细胞率、微核率及异常检出率均高于男性（P < 0.001）；不同工种间的微核细胞率和微核率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05），微核异常检出率比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）；不同工龄组微核细胞率和微核率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05），微核异常检出率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.001）；不同年龄组微核细胞率和微核率比较，差异均有统计学意义（P < 0.05），Spearman秩相关分析结果显示，放射工作人员微核细胞率和微核率与人群年龄呈正相关（P < 0.001)。结论 放射工作人员微核率与工种、工龄有关，与年龄具有一定的正相关性，应加强长期从事医疗放射的工作人员的辐射防护，尤其是高年资人员和女性放射工作人员。

Influencing factors for micronucleus levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical radiation workers

Objective To analyze the micronucleus levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical radiation workers, and to provide a basis for radiation protection to reduce occupational hazards caused by ionizing radiation. Methods A total of 1072 medical radiation workers were selected into radiation group, and 329 healthy adults who underwent pre-employment occupational physical examination and intended to be radiation workers were selected into control group. The micronucleated lymphocyte frequency was determined by whole blood micro-culture. Results There were no significant differences in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency between the radiation group and the control group (both P > 0.05). The detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities in the radiation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Female radiation workers had significantly higher micronucleated cell frequency, micronucleus frequency, and the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities than male radiation workers (all P < 0.001). Between different types of work, significant differences were observed in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency (both P < 0.05), but not in the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities (P > 0.05). Radiation workers with different lengths of working showed significant differences in micronucleated cell frequency (P < 0.05), micronucleus frequency (P < 0.05), and the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities (P < 0.001). Significant differences were observed in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency between different age groups (both P < 0.05). The Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency were positively correlated with the age of radiation workers (both P < 0.001). Conclusion The micronucleus frequency of radiation workers was related to the type and length of work, and had a positive correlation with age. Radiation protection should be enhanced for workers engaged in medical radiation for a long period, especially female workers and workers with a long length of service.