2017-2021年江门市儿童青少年学生超重与肥胖流行趋势分析

目的 了解2017-2021年江门市6-18岁儿童青少年学生超重与肥胖的现状及流行趋势。方法 采用整群随机抽样的方法,在江门市随机抽取2个区,每个区再随机抽取2所小学、2所初中、1所高中,监测该10所学校的所有在校学生2017-2021年5年间的身高及体重资料,超重和肥胖的诊断标准参照2018年原国家卫生和计划生育委员会发布的《学龄儿童青少年超重与肥胖筛查》(行业标准WS/T 586-2018),采用χ^(2)检验、趋势χ^(2)检验等分析儿童青少年学生超重率与肥胖率的现状及变化趋势。结果 2017-2021年江门市儿童青少年学生超重总体检出率11.57%(2 181/18 857),肥胖总体检出率9.29%(1 751/18 857)。其中,男生的超重检出率和肥胖检出率分别为:11.82%、9.17%;女生超重、肥胖检出率分别为:11.29%、9.41%;男、女生及总体儿童青少年的超重检出率和肥胖检出率均存在年龄差异,均表现为低龄段(6-12岁)的超重、肥胖检出率高于高龄段(13-18岁),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。男、女生及总体儿童青少年的超重、肥胖检出率均未显示有明显的城乡差异(均P>0.05)。江门市儿童青少年学生的BMI由2017年的(17.98±3.75)上升至2021年的(22.47±6.05),上升趋势明显(χ^(2)=46.540,P趋势<0.001);不同性别(男:χ^(2)=22.330,女:χ^(2)=44.425,P趋势<0.001)、年龄(6-12岁:χ^(2)=65.709, 13-18岁:χ^(2)=14.586,P趋势<0.001)、城乡(城市:χ^(2)=27.168,乡镇:χ^(2)=39.125,P趋势<0.001)儿童青少年的BMI均随时间呈现明显的上升趋势。结论 2017-2021年江门市儿童青少年学生超重、肥胖检出率及BMI水平均呈增长趋势。

Epidemic trend of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in Jiangmen City, 2017-2021

Objective To understand the current situation and epidemic trend of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents aged 6-18 years in Jiangmen City from 2017 to 2021. Methods We randomly selected two districts in Jiangmen City by using a cluster random sampling method, and then randomly selected two primary schools, two junior middle schools and one senior high school in each district. The data about height and weight of all students in the 10 schools from 2017 to 2021 were monitored. The diagnostic criteria for overweight and obesity referred to the screening thresholds for overweight and obesity in Chinese school-age children and adolescents released by the National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2018 (industry standard WS/T 586-2018). χ² test and trend χ² test were used to analyze the current situation and changing trend of overweight rate and obesity rate in the children and adolescents. Results From 2017 to 2021, the total detection rate of overweight in the children and adolescents in Jiangmen City was 11.57% (2,181/18,857), and the total detection rate of obesity was 9.29% (1,751/18,857). Among them, the detection rates of overweight and obesity in boys were 11.82% and 9.17%, respectively. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in girls were 11.29% and 9.41%, respectively. There were age differences in the detection rates of overweight and obesity among boys, girls and overall children and adolescents. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in the younger age group (6-12 years old) were higher than those in the older age group (13-18 years old), showing statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found in the detection rates of overweight andobesity among boys, girls and overall children and adolescents between urban and rural areas (all P>0.05). Body mass index (BMI) of the children and adolescents in Jiangmen City increased from (17.98±3.75) kg/m² in 2017 to (22.47±6.05) kg/m² in 2021, with an obvious upward trend (χ²=46.540, P_trend<0.001). BMI in children and adolescents of different genders (male:χ²=22.330, female: χ²=44.425, P_trend<0.001), different ages (6-12 years old: χ²=65.709, 13-18 years old: χ²=14.586, P_trend<0.001) and from urban and rural areas (urban area: χ²=27.168, rural area: χ²=39.125, P_trend<0.001) showed an obvious upward trend over time. Conclusion The detection rates of overweight and obesity and BMI levels of the children and adolescents in Jiangmen City between 2017 and 2021 presented an increasing trend.