江苏“水稻-小龙虾”综合种养稻田杂草群落及其防控技术调查：以12个基地为例

为揭示江苏“水稻-小龙虾”综合种养稻田杂草群落结构和农户杂草防控措施现状,对灌南、盐都、盱眙、高邮、广陵、溧阳、常熟等7个地方12个稻虾综合种养基地开展田间调查和农户访谈。结果表明,在120块稻虾田内共记录到25种杂草;稻虾轮作田禾本科杂草和千金子的优势度显著高于稻虾共生田。稻虾轮作稻田杂草以稗属杂草、杂草稻、千金子、李氏禾、异型莎草、水苋菜属杂草、鸭舌草为主;稻虾共生稻田杂草以杂草稻、稗属杂草、千金子、异型莎草为主。除有机栽培模式外,稻虾轮作稻田控草方式为“土壤处理+茎叶处理+人工拔除”,稻田杂草防控总用药和人工成本平均1 863.75元/hm²。稻虾共生稻田控草技术主要为“水层控草+龙虾控草+人工拔除”,部分稻田使用丙草胺、苄嘧磺隆等土壤处理除草剂,稻田杂草防控总成本平均907.50元/hm²。

Weed Community Structure and Its Prevention and Control Technology in the “Rice-Crayfish” Integrated Farming Fields in Jiangsu: A Case Study with 12 Planting Bases

In order to reveal the structure of weed community in the “rice-crayfish” integrated farming fields and the current status of farmers’ weed control measures in Jiangsu, we conducted field surveys and interviews with farmers in 12 integrated rice-shrimp farming bases in 7 places, including Guannan, Yandu, Xuyi, Gaoyou, Guangling, Liyang, and Changshu. The results showed that total 25 weed species were found in 120 rice-shrimp farming fields, and the dominance of gramineous weeds and Leptochloa chinensis in rice-shrimp rotation fields was significantly higher than that of rice-shrimp symbiosis fields. Principal weed species in surveyed rice-shrimp rotation fields included Echinochloa spp., weedy rice, Leptochloa chinensis, Leersia hexandra, Cyperus difformis, Ammannia spp. and Monochoria vaginalis; principal weed species in surveyed rice-shrimp symbiosis fields included Echinochloa spp., weedy rice, Leptochloa chinensis and Cyperus difformis. Except of organic cultivation mode, the weed management strategies in rice-shrimp rotation fields were “pre-emergence chemical control + post-emergence chemical control + manual removal” with a total cost of 1 863.75 Yuan/hm² on average. The weed management strategies in rice-shrimp symbiosis fields were “water control + shrimp control + manual removal” with a total cost of 907.50 Yuan/hm² on average, a part of farmers applied pre-emergence herbicides such as bensulfuron-methyl and pretilachlor.