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A pedestrian merging flow model for stair evacuation
Affiliation:1. School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan;2. Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;3. Takenaka Corporation, Tokyo, Japan;1. Department of Fire Safety Engineering and Systems Safety, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden;2. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;1. RMIT University, School of Aerospace, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia;2. Southeast University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Urban ITS, Jiangsu Province Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Urban Traffic Technologies, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China;2. Zhejiang & CAS Application Center for Geoinformatics, Zhejiang, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Henan, China;4. School of Management, Xinxiang University, Henan, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China;2. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Abstract:Pedestrian merging flows on stairs are defined as the confluence of a flow of pedestrians from a stair and pedestrians from each floor of a multi-storey building. This paper introduces a novel simplified mathematical model for the calculation of evacuation times on stairs which takes into account the impact of merging flows. The model allows calculating the impact of merging ratio (people accessing the stair landing from the floor and from the stair) on pedestrian flows and evacuation times at each floor in congested situations. The assumptions and implementation of the model are presented. A hypothetical model case study of a 10-floor building evacuation is investigated, where the results of the new model are compared with the results of an evacuation simulation model using SimTread. Advantages and limitations of the new model in relation to the existing methods adopted for the simulation of merging flows on stairs are discussed.
Keywords:Merging flows  Pedestrian  Evacuation  Simulation  Stairs  Building
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